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Pharmacology > mini 2 > Flashcards

mini 2 Flashcards

1
Q

antitussive

A

centrally acting
opiods - codeine
non opiods - dextromethorphan

peripheral - prenoxdiazine

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2
Q

expectorants

A

reflex acting- guaifenesin
thermopsis

directly - sodium bicarbonate
potassium iodide
ambroxol
acetylcysteine

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3
Q

bronchial asthma- Broncho dilators (M, A, M)

A

muscarinic antagonists - ipratropium

adrenergic agonists =
non selective - epinephrine ab
ephedrine ab
isoprenaline b123

selective B2 -
short - salbutamol, fenoterol
long - salmeterol, formoterol

methylxanthine - aminophylline
theophylline

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4
Q

anti-inflammatory- corticosteroids

A

inhaled - beclomethasone
budesonide
fluticasone
flunisolide

systemic - prednisolone
methylprednisolone

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5
Q

anti-inflammatory - ( leuko, mast cell, anti Ig E)

A

leukotriene pathway inhibitors-
zileuton
montelukast
zafirlukast

mastcell stabilizer-
cromogylicic acid
nedocromil

anti Ig E-
omalizumab

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6
Q

hypotensive - diuretics

A

thiazide-
indapamide, hydroclorothiazide

loop - furosemide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid

k+ sparing -
spironolactone
triamterene

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7
Q

hypotensive - Sympathoplegic Drugs

A

Centrally acting sympathoplegics: clonidine, methyldopa

Ganglionic blockers ; hexamethonium, Trimetaphan

Postganglionic sympathetic neuron blockers (sympatholytics); guanethidine, reserpine

Alpha adrenoreceptor blockers ; prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

beta adrenoblockers;
(metoprolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol

alpha beta adrenoceptor blockers; labetalol, carvedilol

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8
Q

hypotensive- Direct Vasodilators

A

arteriolar vasodilators: diazoxide, hydralazine, fenoldopam, minoxidil

calcium channel blockers ; verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, amlodipine

arteriolar-venous vasodilator; Sodium nitroprusside , nitroglycerin

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9
Q

hypotensive - Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors): captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: losartan, irbesartan, eprosartan

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10
Q

Appetite stimulants (orexigenic drugs)

A 
dronabinol, 
cyproheptadine, 
plant Artemisia absinthium (wormwood, absinth) 
Anamorelin 
antipsychotic drugs 
anabolic steroids
insulin
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11
Q

Drugs used in obesity

A

Sibutramine
Lorcaserin
Amfepranone
Orlistat

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12
Q

Drugs for PED - reduce secretion of gastric acid

A

Proton pump inhibitors-
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole

Histamine h2 receptor antagonists-
Ranitidine
Famotidine

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13
Q

Drugs for PED - anti….. mucosal….. antimicro……

A

Antacids- magnesium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
Sodium bicarbonate
Mucosal protective agents - bismuth subcitrate
Sucralfate
Antimicrobiol - Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Metronidazole
Bismuth subcitrate

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14
Q

Drugs for decreased function of pancrease

A

Replacement- pancreatin
Festal
Mezym
Preparations of insulin

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15
Q

Drugs for increased function of pancrease

A 
Aprotinin
Opiod analgesics - fentanyl, morphine, meperedine
Antimuscarinic drugs 
Glucocorticoids 
Antibiotics
IV infusion of fluid
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16
Q

Drugs stimulates bile production

A

Bile acids - allochol
Synthetic- hymecromone
Plant base drugs - curcuma , dog rose

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17
Q

Hepatoprotectors

A

Essentiale
Sylibinin
Ademetionine
Ursodeoxycholic acid

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18
Q

Stimulant laxatives

A

Bisacodyl

Plants containing
anthraglycosides - senna
Frangula
Castor oil

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19
Q

Osmotic laxatives

A 
Saline laxatives- 
Mg sulfate
Mg hydroxide
Mg citrate
Sodium phosphate

Lactulose

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20
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

Methyl cellulose

Psyllium seed

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21
Q

Laxatives -Stool softners, cl- channel activators, opioid antagonists

A

Ss- docusate sodium
Cl- lubiprostone
OA - methyl naltrexone
Alvimopan

22
Q

Diarrhea

A

Opioid - loperamide
Absorbing drugs - kaolin, activated charcoal
Preparations of bismuth - bismuth sub salicylate
Bile acid binding resins - cholestyramine, colestipol
Somatostatin analogs - octreotide

23
Q

Emetic drugs

A

Apomorphine

Ipecac syrup

24
Q

Antiemetic drugs

A

Serotonin 5HT3 anatgonists - ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron
Antimuscarinic - scopolamine
H1 antagonists- diphenhydramine, meclizine
Neurokinin antagonists - Aprepitant
Cannabinoids - dronabinol

25
Q

Drugs for Brady arrhythmia

A

M cholinoblockers - atropine

B1 adrenergic agaonists - isoprenaline

26
Q

Drugs for tachyarrhythmia

A

— -

27
Q

Drugs for congestive heart failure - inhibition of neurohumoral influences

A

ACE inhibitors- captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
Angiotensin 2 anatagonists - losartan, valsartan
Aldosterone antagonists - spironolactone, eplerenone
B adrenergic agonists - metoprolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, nebivolol

28
Q

Drugs for congestive heart failure - decrease cardiac overload

A

Thiazide diuretics - hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide
Loop diuretics - furosemide, torasemide
K+ sparing diuretics- triamterene
Direct acting vasodilators - isosorbide dinitrate, hydralazine
Bradycardiac drugs - ivabradine

29
Q

Drugs for congestive heart failure - increase cardiac contractility

A

Cardiac glycosides- digoxin

Non glycoside inotropic drugs ->
phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors - milrinone
Ca2+ sensitizers - levosimendane
B adrenergic agonists - dopamine , dobutamine

30
Q

Drugs for congestive heart failure - decrease motility in long term treatment

A 
ACE inhibitors 
Angiotensin 2 antagonists 
Aldosterone antagonists 
B adrenergic antagonists 
Directly acting vasodilators 
Bradycardiac drugs - ivabradine
31
Q

Antianginal drugs - relief anginal attacks

A

Nitrates - nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate , isosorbide dinitrate
NO donors - molsidomine

32
Q

Prevention of angina attacks

A

Ca2+ blockers ->
Dihydropyridines - nifedipine, amlodipine
Non-dihydropyridines - verapamil, diltiazem

B Adrenergic blockers - metoprolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol
Other antianginal drugs - ivabradine, trimetazidine, ranolazine, nicorandil

33
Q

Disturbances in cerebral circulation- ischemic strokes

A

Thrombolytic - tissue plasminogen activator
Streptokinase

Nootropic drugs - piracetam

34
Q

Disturbances in cerebral circulation - hemorrhagic stroke

A 
Anti hypertension 
agents- sodium nitroprusside
                 Labetalol
                 Esmolol
                  Enalaprilat
                  Hydralazine
Ca channel blockers - Nimodipine
Nootropic drugs - piracetam
35
Q

Disturbances in cerebral circulation - cerebral atherosclerosis

A

Antiplatelet drugs - aspirin
Clopidogrel
Dipyridamol
Hypolipidemic drugs
Nootropic drugs
Vasodilators - vinpocetine
Flunarizine
Cinnarizine
Preparations of ginkgo biloba

36
Q

Drugs used in disturbances in peripheral circulation

A 
Hypolipidemic drugs 
Antiplatelet drugs 
Vasodilators - pentoxifylline
                            Cilostazol
                            Xanthinol nicotinate
37
Q

Relief of migraine attacks

A

Selective agonists of serotonin 5-HT 1B/D ->
Triptans - sumatriptan, naratriptans
Ergotamine

38
Q

Prevention of migraine attack

A

B adrenergic agonists - propranolol
Ca2+ channel blockers- Flunarizine, cinnarizine
Tricyclic antidepressants- amitriptyline
Anticonvulsants - sodium valproate

39
Q

Hypolipidemic drugs - nico……. , HMG………, fibric………, bile………, inhibitors of………..

A

+Nicotinic acid- niacin
+HMG-COA reductase inhibitors - atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin

+ fibric acid derivatives- Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate
+ bile acid binding resins - cholestyramine, colestipol
+ inhibitors of cholesterol absorption - Ezetimibe

40
Q

Diuretics- car…. , l……, thi……., k+…….. , os……, vaso………

A

+Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors- acetazolamide
+ loop - furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, etacrynic acid
+thiazides and thiazide like - hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, chlorothalidone, indapamide
+ k+ sparing diuretics- spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride
+ osmotic diuretics- mannitol
Vasopressin receptor antagonists- conivaptan, tolvaptan

41
Q

Tocomimetics - cause rhytmic contractions

A

Oxytocin
Preparations of prostaglandins - dinoprostone
Dinoprost
Misoprostol

42
Q

Tocomimetics - cause tonic contactions

A

Ergotamine

Ergometrine

43
Q

Tocolytics - inhibit contractions of myometrium

A

Selective B2 adrenergic agoinists - ritodrine
Hexoprenaline
Terbutaline
Fenoterol

Agonists of oxytocin- atosiban

Ca2+ blockers - nifedipine

44
Q

Platelet aggregation inhibitors

A

Aspirin
Dipyridamole
Abciximab

Antagonists of purine p2y12 receptors - clopidogrel , prasugrel, ticagrelor

45
Q

Anticoagulants - directly acting

A

Indirect thrombin inhibitors- heparin
Heparin derivatives- enoxaparin, dalteparin, nadroparin
Danaparoid
Synthetic heparin derivatives - fondaparinux

Direct thrombin inhibitors—>
Parenteral - bivalirudin
Argatroban
Orally - dabigatran

Direct factor XA inhibitors- rivaroxaban

46
Q

Anticoagulants - indirect acting drugs

A

Warfarin

47
Q

Thrombolytic drugs

A

1st gen - streptokinase
Urokinase
Anistreplase

2 gen - t-PA ( alteplase)
r-PA ( reteplase)

48
Q

Hemostatic drugs

A

Fibrinolytic inhibitors- aminocaproic acid
Tranexamic acid

Proteolytic enzymes - aprotinin

Preparations of VIT K - phytomenadione
Menadione
Preparations of clotting factors - factor VIII
Factor IX

49
Q

Anemia - iron deficiency

A

Iron sulfate
Iron dextron
Iron 3-hydroxide polymaltaose complex

50
Q

Anemia - macrocytic

A

Cynoconalamin

Folic acid

51
Q

Anemia - preparations of erythropoietin

A

Epoetin alpha

Darbepoetin

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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