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GEO LECTURE > Minerals P.2 > Flashcards

Minerals P.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Crystal shape aka

definition

A

Habit: shape of ind. crystals or aggregates of crystals

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2
Q

Habit of quartz

A

six sided (hexagon) and pyramid-like ends

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3
Q

Habit of garnet, magnetite, pyrite

A

12-sided, octahedron, blocky

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4
Q

What minerals have a cube-like habit?

A

fluorite and halite

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5
Q

Habit adjectives

A

blocky, banded, cubic, fibrous, bladed (elongated), tabular (tablet shaped), granular (aggregates of crystals)

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6
Q

Hardness
what scale is used? tools associated with it and their hardness

A

resistance to being scratched
mohs scale

fingernail (2.5)
penny (3.5)
iron nail (4.5)
glass plate (5.5)
streak plate (6.5)

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7
Q

Hardness (what will be scratched, who is the scratcher?)

A

scratched: softer mineral
scratcher: harder mineral

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8
Q

what is the chemical formula for graphite? hardness compared to diamond

A

C, softer bc the diamond has a more compact crystal structure

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9
Q

what are hard minerals used as

A

abrasives

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10
Q

Index minerals in order from soft to hard

A

talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, conundrum, diamond

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11
Q

what determines hardness (3)

A
  • repeating pattern
  • strength and type of bond
  • crystalline structure
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12
Q

abrasives using minerals

A

saw: diamonds
sandpaper: garnet

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13
Q

what do people use to color their skin and hair? another mineral with distinctive color

A

hematite (red) and limonite, a variety of goethite, (yellow)

malachite (green/bluish)

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14
Q

cleavage

A

tendency of a mineral to break along planes on weak bonding (easier to break in that direction)

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15
Q

cleavage planes vs directions of cleavage

A

planes: smooth, flat surfaces
directions: cleavage suface with a different orientation

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16
Q

how do you know when a mineral demonstrates cleavage? how do you find cleavage planes?

A

when broken, pieces will all have the same geometry
rotate it in light

17
Q

what group of minerals have 1 direction of cleavage, what’s special about them? what two minerals are a part of that group? analogy

A

Micas (flat sheets that can peel)
includes muscovite (lighter) and biotite (darker)
book pages can be peeled, but you can’t bend the book spine

18
Q

how many directions of cleavage does halite have? Angles? habit

A

3 directions, 90 degrees, cubic

19
Q

how many directions of cleavage does quartz have?

A

none, fractures into pieces that don’t resemble each other or the original crystal bc Si&O bonds are equally strong

20
Q

how many directions of cleavage does olivine have?

A

none, fractures into pieces that don’t resemble each other or the original crystal

21
Q

how many directions of cleavage does feldspar have? angles?

A

2 directions, 90 degrees

22
Q

how many directions of cleavage does hornblende have? angles

A

2 directions, 120 degrees and 60 degrees

23
Q

how many directions of cleavage does calcite have? angles? shape

A

3 directions, 75 degrees, rhombus

24
Q

how many directions of cleavage does fluorite have? galena?

A

4 directions
3 directions

25
Q

Fracture

A

minerals that don’t have cleavage (chem.bonds are equally strong in all directions)

26
Q

types of fractures

A

irregular: uneven surfaces
conchoidal: smooth, scoop curved surfaces with dangerous edges before fracture

27
Q

ex of minerals w/conchoidal fracture

A

quartz
olivine

28
Q

tenacity
adjectives

A

resistance to breaking, bending, deformation

brittle, malleable, sectile, elastic

29
Q

minerals that are brittle
2 ex

A

minerals that are ionically bonded
fluorite and halite

30
Q

minerals that are sectile
2 ex

A

minerals that can be cut into thin shavings
gypsum and talc

31
Q

minerals that are elastic

A

micas

32
Q

specific gravity definition
heavier =

A

ratio of a mineral’s weight to an equal volume of water
higher specific gravity

33
Q

other properties:
talc
calcite
garnet (what does it look like)

A

soapy
reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid (fizzes and produce CO2) & double refraction (letters appear twice)
glassy gemstone

34
Q

how many directions of cleavage does garnet have?

A

none

GEO LECTURE (19 decks)

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