Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

mineral resource

A

minerals or rocks mined for products

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2
Q

Mineral commodities

A

specific elements extracted from processing minerals

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3
Q

ex of mineral commodity
(want aluminum)

A

extract gibbsite (mineral containing aluminum) from bauxite

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4
Q

beneficiation to make computer chips

A

extract silicon from quartz

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5
Q

what elements does hematite have?

A

iron & oxygen

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6
Q

benefication

A

process of extracting desired mineral or element from and ore

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7
Q

what are the five characteristics that define a mineral

A
  1. naturally occurring or mimics nature
  2. Inorganic or identical to inorganic material
  3. Solid
  4. Orderly crystalline structure/chemically homogeneous
  5. definite chemical comp. that allows for some variation
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8
Q

inorganic

A

inorganic: found naturally in the ground and have no carbon chains attached to hydrogen

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9
Q

how are animals involved in the production of inorganic minerals?

what do annimals secrete (mineral) & in what forms? when is it a mineral

A

secrete calcite in the form of shells or coral reefs, when buried, they’re considered minerals

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10
Q

Is volcanic glass considered a mineral?

A

no, doesn’t have an orderly crystalline structure

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11
Q

explain the fifth characteristic of minerals

A

specimen of same mineral have the same chemical formula (equal proportions of atoms), but can have impurities that cause composition to vary

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12
Q

Impurities

A

element can substitute other elements of similar size without changing the mineral’s internal structure

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13
Q

4 example of minerals containing one element and what that element is

A

gold (Au), diamonds (C), native copper (Cu), sulfur (S)

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14
Q

Chemical formula of quartz, hematite, and halite

A

SiO2
Fe2O3
NaCl

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15
Q

Will specimen of the same mineral break in the same fashion?

A

yes

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16
Q

What varies with specimen of the same mineral and what doesn’t?

A

physical properties change, but chemical properties don’t

17
Q

Diagnostic properties
ex. halite

A

aid in mineral identification (something unique about that mineral)

halite-salty

18
Q

Ambiguous properties
ex.

A

properties that vary among specimen of the same mineral

color

19
Q

what are some minerals that come in a variety of colors?

A

quartz and flourite

20
Q

Luster

A

the appearance/quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral

21
Q

metallic luster

A

minerals that have the appearance of a metal (shiny)

22
Q

what are examples of minerals that have two types of luster

submetallic and metallic

A

galena and native copper: metallic but when exposed to atmosphere, they get tarnished and dull (submetallic luster)

23
Q

Nonmetallic luster adjectives

A

vitreous (glassy), dull/earthy, pearly, silky, greasy

24
Q

Streak
what’s a streak plate made of?

A

Color of a mineral in powdered form
porcelain

25
What mineral will not have a streak? Why?
quartz, harder than streak plate
26
why is streak useful when working with specimen? Give an example using a mineral and its luster as well (nonmetallic and metallic)
specimen of the same mineral, despite having a dif color, will have a consistent streak color hematite comes in reddish-brown (nonmetallic) and blackish (metallic) but will both have a brick red streak
27
Streak of metallic minerals vs nonmetallic
metallic: dense, dark nonmetallic: light color
28
luster of limonite, gypsum, talc
dull/earthy silky (satin) greasy
29
Opaque
no light transmitted
30
translucent
light transmitted
31
transparent
light and image transmitted
32
Why are silicate minerals the most abundant in Earth's crust and mantle?
Oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in the Earth's crust and are two of the most common elements in the Earth's mantle.