Minerals (chemistry primer)

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances
Defined by their atomic number = number of protons

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle that exists as an element

Question 2

Periodic table

Answer 2

Chemical elements organized by atomic number

Question 3

Pure elements

Answer 3

Composed of only one type of atom

Question 4

Chemical bonds

Answer 4

Under earth’s temperature and pressure regime - most elements do not occur in the form of individual atoms
Atoms that are bonded in compounds tend to be more stable

Question 5

Principal shells

Answer 5

Electrons move around nucleus in regions called principal shells
Each shell holds a specific number of electrons
Outermost shell contains valence electrons that can be transferred or shared with other atoms to form chemical bonds

Question 6

Octet rule

Answer 6

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons

Question 7

Covalent bonds

Answer 7

A chemical bond formed by the haring of one or more valance electrons between a pair of atoms

Question 8

Ionic bonds

Answer 8

Chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of valence electrons from one atom to the other

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

Atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons