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earth sciences > Igneous rock > Flashcards

Igneous rock Flashcards

1
Q

Igneous rock composition

A

Felsic - high feldspar
Intermediate - between Felsic and Mafic
Mafic - high magnesium and iron
Ultramafic

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2
Q

Granite (common Felsic igneous)

A

Coarse grain intrusive rock

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3
Q

Rhyolite (common Felsic igneous)

A

Fine grained extrusive rock

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4
Q

Obsidian (common Felsic igneous)

A

Volcanic glass
Cools quickly - no time for crystals to grow

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5
Q

Pumice (common Felsic igneous)

A

Forms when large amounts of gas escape from molten rock to generate a gray, frothy mass; most samples of pumice float in water

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6
Q

Andesite (common Intermediate igneous)

A

Medium gray extrusive rock

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7
Q

Diorite (common Intermediate igneous)

A

Medium gray intrusive rock

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8
Q

Basalt (Common Mafic igneous rock)

A

Fine grained, extrusive rock

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9
Q

Gabbro

A

Coarse grained, intrusive rock

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10
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

Formed by the lithification of sediments (pressure and time)

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11
Q

Detrital (Clastic)

A

Lithification of sediments that originated as solid particles from weathered rocks
Particle size used to distinguish detrital sedimentary rocks

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12
Q

Conglomerate

A

Composed of rounded gravel size particles

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13
Q

Breccia

A

Composed of angular gravel sized particles

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14
Q

Sandstone

A

Composed of sand

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15
Q

Siltstone

A

Composed of silt
Does not break layer

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16
Q

Arkose

A

Sandstone that contains more than 25 percent of feldspar

17
Q

Chemical

A

Derived from ions carried in solution to lakers and seas - ions then precipitate out of solution

18
Q

Organic

A

Lignite coal and Bituminous coal

19
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

Produced from preexisting rock igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks
Every metamorphic rock has a parent rock - the rock from which it was formed
Occurs most often when rock is subjected to a significant increase in temperature and pressure

20
Q

Low grade metamorphism

A

Low temps and pressure

21
Q

High grade metamorphism

A

High temps and pressure

22
Q

Non foliated metamorphism

A

A result of contact metamorphism

23
Q

Diorite

A

Formed by the slow cooling underground of magma

24
Q

Sulfur

A

Nonmetallic chemical element belonging to the oxygen group

25
Q

Gypsum

A

Calcium sulfate

26
Q
A

earth sciences (16 decks)

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