Minerals and Rocks

Question 1

Three Main Types of Rocks

Answer 1

1. Sedimentary
2. Igneous
3. Metamorphic

Question 2

formed from molten rock

Answer 2

Igneous

Question 3

2 main types of Igneous

Answer 3

1. Intrusive

2. Extrusive

Question 4

-formed when magma cools deep inside the earth

Answer 4

Intrusive igneous rock

Question 5

formed when magma cools above the earth’s surface

Answer 5

Extrusive

Question 6

Determined by mineral composition and texture

Answer 6

Igneous Rock Classification

Question 7

Categories by mineral composition

Answer 7

1. Felsic
2. Intermediate
3. Mafic
4. Ultramafic

Question 8

Shows the order formation of common rock forming mineral

Answer 8

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Question 9

Sedimentary Process

Answer 9

1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Transport
4. Deposition
5. DIagenesis

Question 10

process of breaking down rocks

Answer 10

weathering

Question 11

process of eating away rocks from their source

Answer 11

erosion

Question 12

movement of sediments from one place to another

Answer 12

transport

Question 13

settling of sediments in an area before being lithified to form sedimentary rock

Answer 13

deposition

Question 14

process in which sedements are lithified

Answer 14

diagenesis

Question 15

Classifying Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 15

1. Detrital/ Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

2. Chemical/ Non-clastic sedimentary Rocks

Question 16

the result of transformation of pre existing rocks

Answer 16

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 17

alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat pressure or chemicals

Answer 17

Metamorphism

Question 18

subjected to differential pressure which becomes evident in rock as alignment of minerals rock fragments and structures

Answer 18

foliated rocks

Question 19

8 elements make up the
solid materials of the Earth’s
crust

Answer 19

(O, Si, Al, Fe,

Ca, Na, K, Mg

Question 20

is a natural, solid inorganic material
of the Earth that has both a known chemical
composition and a crystalline structure that is
unique to that minera

Answer 20

mineral

Question 21

is a solid aggregate of one or more
minerals that have been cohesively brought
together by a rock-forming process.

Answer 21

rock

Question 22

Characteristics of Minerals

Answer 22

1. Naturally- Occurring 
2 Inorganic
3. Homogenous solid
4. Has definite chemical composition
5. Has an ordered/internal crystalline structure

Question 23

Any mineral which passes most of
the criteria (but not all)

Answer 23

Mineraloids

Question 24

Chemical Classification of Minerals

Answer 24

1. Native Elements
2. Sulfides
3. Oxides
4. Halides
5. Carbonate
6. Sulfates
7. Phosphates
8. Silicates
9. Organic Minerals

Question 25

Physical Properties of Minerals

Answer 25

1. Color
2. Streak
3. Luster/Lustre
4. Hardness
   5.crystal form
5. cleavage
6. fracture
   specific gravity

Question 26

▪ Visual measure
▪ Perceived wavelength of light that bounces off of the material and is
detected by the eye

Answer 26

color

Question 27

▪ Color of the mineral when it is finely powdered

▪ EX: Hematite; Black in solid form, Red in powdered form

Answer 27

streak

Question 28

▪ How a mineral appears to reflect light

Answer 28

Luster/Lustre

Question 29

▪ Resistance of the mineral to being scratched
▪ Measured using the Mohs hardness scale, which compares the hardness
of the mineral to 10 reference minerals

Answer 29

hardness

Question 30

▪ Related to the internal geometric arrangement of the atoms that make up the
crystal structure of the mineral

Answer 30

. Crystal Form

Question 31

▪ Tendency of a mineral to break along
smooth planes
▪ Depends on the zones of weakness in
the crystal structure of the mineral

Answer 31

CLeavage

Question 32

▪ Related to the internal geometric arrangement
of the atoms that make up the crystal structure
of the mineral

Answer 32

Fracture

Question 33

▪ Related to the density of a given mineral
▪ The amount of water displaced by a mineral
sample

Answer 33

Specific gravity