Minerals Flashcards
Where is calcium sourced from?
Dairy products, poultry, meat meals and bone
What can a deficiency in calcium cause?
What can a excess in calcium cause?
Deficeincy: Rickets, osteomalacia, nutrional secondary hyperthyroidism
Excess: Impaired skeletal development and contributes to other mineral deficiencies
What can a deficiency in zinc cause?
Poor growth in young animals, anorexia, testiculat atrophy, impaired reproductive performance, immune system dysfunction, conjunctivitis and skin lesions.
Where is copper stored?
Liver
What can a deficiency in copper cause?
Hypochronic microcytic anaemia. Definecy similar to those seen with iron defeincy, due to coopers importance in iron metabolism and in haemoglobin formation
What is chloride used for?
The formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. HCL is required for the activation of several gastric enzymes and for the initation of digestion in the stomach.
Where is phosphorus sourced from?
Meat, poultry and fish
What can a deficicnecy in phosphorus cause?
What can a excess of phosphorus cause?
Deficeincy: Calcium deficiency
Excess: Rickets, osteomalacia, nutritional secondary hyperthyroidism
Where is iron sourced from?
Organ meats
What can a defieicny in iron cause?
What can a excess of iron cause?
Deficiency: hyp chronic anaemia
excess is unlikely
Where is iodine sourced from?
Fish, beef and liver
What can a deficiency of iodine cause?
What can a excess of iodine cause?
Defieciny: is unlikely but can cause gaiter, growth retardation and reproductive failure
Excess: Is unlikely but can cause gaiter
Where is magnesium sourced from?
Soybeans, corn, cereals, bone meals
What are the functions of magnesium?
What can a excess of magnesium cause?
What can a deficicnecy of magnesium cause?
Provides structure to the skeleton and bone while some is found within extracellular fluid. It is also involved in a number of metabolic reactions.
Is also required for the metabolism of carbs and proteins. Is required for muscle contraction and nervous transmission.
Excess: Unlikely
Deficiency: Soft tissue calcification, enlargement of long bone methaphysis, neuromuscular irratibilty
What is the homeostatic mechanism?
this mechanism involves the parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorys and active vitamin D.
PTH is released into the blood stream as a respone to a decrease in plasma calcium. The PTH then stimulates the synthesis of vitamin D in the kidneys and increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus from the bone. Italso work s on the kidne tubules to increase calcium reabsorption and dcrease phosphorus absorption, relsuting in the increased retention of calcium in the body and increased losses of urinary phosphate.
In turn, the active vitamin D produced by the kindeys in response to PTH acts at the sot of the intestines to increase the absorption of dietry calcium and phosphorus. In conjuction with PTH, vitamin D enhcances the metabolism of calcium from boen by increasing the activity of osteoblasts.
Overall the net action of PTH is to increase the serum concentration of calcium and decrease the serum concecntration of phosphorus. The net effect of vitamin D is to increase the levels of both serum calcium and phosphorus, when calcium levels are normal the secretion of PTH is inhibited by a negative feedback mecahncism and calcitonin.
