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Nutrition Support Certification Exam 2013 > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Of all body tissues, which is least hydrated

A

adipose

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2
Q

The most clinically important fluid compartment is

A

extracellular (ECF)=intravascular/interstitial spaces

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3
Q

What is the dominant extracellular osmole that acts to hold water in the ECF

A

Sodium

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4
Q

Regulates cell volume

A

Na, K, ATPase

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5
Q

Plasma oncotic and hydrostatis pressures that govern the movement of fluid between plasma and ICF

A

Starling forces

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6
Q

Normal plasma osmolality

A

275-290 mOsm/kg

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7
Q

This regulates water balance

A

thirst sensation and control of water excretion by ADH

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8
Q

Regulate ECF volume & water distribution in the body

A

Sodium

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9
Q

Average Sodium intake in diet/day

A

2.3-5.7 grams

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10
Q

Sodium loss occurs primarily through

A

urine

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11
Q

High Body Fluid of Sodium in these organs

A

duodenum, ileum, pancreas, bile (140)

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12
Q

High content K+ in these body fluids

A

saliva, colon

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13
Q

Minimum amt Sodium (without sweating/healthy)

A

8 mEq/day

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14
Q

Adequate intake for young adults

A

65 mEq/day

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15
Q

Sodium correction should not exceed

A

5-10 mEq/kg/day

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16
Q

Normal Saline (.9%) Sodium content

A

154 mg Na/154 mg Cl

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17
Q

LR Sodium content

A

130 mg Na/109 Cl, 4K, 3Ca

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18
Q

Bicarb from what body fluid

A

pancreatic

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19
Q

Macromineral inside of the cells that plays a role in cell metabolism incl pro/glycogen synthesis

A

Potassium

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20
Q

Stool losses of potassium in what condition

A

chronic renal insufficiency

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21
Q

Average Intake Potassium Adults

A

120 mEq/day

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22
Q

Low K+ levels (below 3) can cause this GI s/s

A

constipation

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23
Q

Metabolic acidosis can cause

A

hypokalemia/hyperkalemia

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24
Q

IV K+ repletion not to exceed

A

10-20 mEq/hr

25
Q

Meds that increase renal K+ losses

A

ampho-B, Diuretics, steroids, penicillins

26
Q

Tissue catabolism

A

Hyperkalemia

27
Q

What Macromineral infused to aid hyperglycemia

A

IV Calcium gluconate

28
Q

Also aid Hyperkalemia

A

insulin +dextrose,Na Bicarb, albuterol, lasix, HD

29
Q

Mineral found ICF

A

Magnesium (50% in bone), cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver

30
Q

Enzyme reactions governed by this mineral

31
Q

Mag absorbed

A

distal jejunum/ileum

32
Q

Mag in PN

A

8-20 mEq/day

33
Q

Hypomagnesium refractory to treatment if these lytes are abnormal

A

Low K & Ca

34
Q

Diseases cause low Mag

A

P-C Malnutrition, Mag free IVF, ETOH, malabsorption, short bowel, intestinal bypass

35
Q

Intracellular shifts in Mag with these conditions

A

DKA, refeeding, MI, hyperthyroidism

36
Q

Replete Magnesium ENT vs IV

A

IV preferred d/t GI intolerance

37
Q

Treat Elevatd Mag with

A

IV Ca Gluconate/chloride

38
Q

Under hormonal control mediated by PTH, Vit D and calcitonin

39
Q

Metabolic acidosis and high PO4 do what to Calcium

A

decrease the % of ionized Calcium

40
Q

Low Calcium assoc with these d/o

A

dec VIt D, dec PTH activity, hungry bone syndrome, sepsis, rhabdo, massive bld transfusions

41
Q

Drugs that decrease Ca

A

lasix, calcitonin, phenobarb, dilantin

42
Q

Calcium is absorbed in

43
Q

Calcium is excreted via

44
Q

Tetany

A

Low Calcium

45
Q

Hypercalcemia seen with

A

hyperparathyroidism, cancer with bone mets, toxic levels Vit A & D, TB, lithium, thiazide diuretics

46
Q

Treat severe high Ca

A

IV NS @ 200/300cc/hr then lasix or HD

47
Q

Main intracellular anion with functions incl bone/cell membrane composition and maintenance of normal pH.

A

Phosphorus

48
Q

REquired in all cellular functions requiring energy

A

Phosphorus

49
Q

What causes shifts Phos ICF

A

glucose/insulin, alkalosis

50
Q

What causes release Phos to ECF

A

cell destruction, acidosis

51
Q

Phosphorus absorbed in

52
Q

Phosphorus extreted via

53
Q

Low Phos is these d/o

A

chronic ETOH, critical illness, resp/metabolic alkalosis, following treatment for DKA, refeeding

54
Q

Phos repletion enterally may cause

A

diarrhea with ? absorption

55
Q

IV Phos with Na or K+?

56
Q

K+ Phos IV may cause

A

thombophlebitis at rates over 7mmos/hr

57
Q

High Phos in what d/o

A

massive trauma, cytotoxins with leukemias, lymphomas, rhabdo, resp/metabolic acidosis

58
Q

Treat high Ca in pt with normal renal fx

A

volume repletion and diuretics

Nutrition Support Certification Exam 2013 (11 decks)

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