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Nutrition Exam > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Iron is absorbed..

A

very poorly

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2
Q

men and postmenopausal women need ____ iron; premenopausal need ____

A

8mg

18mg

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3
Q

People avoid iron supplementation b/c?

A

it can cause GI problems

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4
Q

transferin and Hb contain

A

iron

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5
Q

Most at risk for iron def

A

infants

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6
Q

hemochromatosis

A

overload of iron, extra RBC

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7
Q

PICA

A

appetite for ice, clay, paste; wtf?

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8
Q

Iron def –>

A

anemia and PICA

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9
Q

heme iron source

A

meat/poultry/fish; ONLY animal

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10
Q

non-heme source

A

plant sources and animal

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11
Q

Most common def worldwide

A

iron

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12
Q

What kinds of food do you find Ca in?

A

dairy, fortified foods, some veggies

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13
Q

The “macro” (major) minerals? The rest are micro/minor

A

Ca
Sa
K
Mg-Magnesium

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14
Q

Mineral involved in bone & tooth formation, controlling hypertension, and nerve impulses

A

Ca

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15
Q

Def of Ca leads to what

A

Osteomalacia/porosis, and hypertension

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16
Q

Toxicity problems of Ca

A

causes kidney stones, high blood Ca, impaired absorption of Fe, Zn, Mg

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17
Q

DRI for Ca (for 19-50yr olds)

A

1,000 mg/day

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18
Q

___% of Ca is in bones while ___% is in the blood

A

99 and 1

19
Q

This mineral is a macro, found in dairy, and involved in bone formation, kidney stones, and osteoporosis, it is?

A

Ca

20
Q

The main macro mineral of processed foods

A

Na

21
Q

The macro minerals again, just for fun

A

Ca
Na
K
Mg

22
Q

involved in fluid balance, acid/base balance, muscle contraction, and nerve conduction

A

Na

23
Q

Two things that help blood clot

A

Ca and Vit K

24
Q

Recommended intake of Ca for age 1-3

A

like 500mg

25
Q

Most American’s consume how many times over the recommended salt amt

A

4-5x

26
Q

Def in this will increase BP; also, this is a major intracellular cation

A

potassium

27
Q

Lots of this mineral is found in dark leafy greens, whole grains, nuts, and Legumes

A

Magnesium

28
Q

Def of this causes spasms b/c muscles cannot relax (a function of this mineral), it is also found in seafood (not solely)

A

Magnesium

29
Q

a toxicity problem with this mineral is hemochromatosis-define this and give the mineral

A

Causes excess RBC which will die, and this is caused by too much iron

30
Q

DRI of iron for males? Post-menopausal females? Pre-menopausal females?

A

8mg, 8mg, 18mg

31
Q

Eating meats and fish, as well as consuming vitamin C. increases the absorption of what mineral

A

Iron

32
Q

Where to get heme iron from? Non-heme? Which is better?

A

Heme from animals

Non-heme from plants

Heme is better so animal source is better

33
Q

Liver is a very good source of what mineral? Also found in seafood, milk, eggs, and whole grains, but so is a ton of shit

A

Zinc

34
Q

Primary function of this mineral is for taste perception and infertility

A

Zinc

35
Q

Def in this mineral causes dwarfism, impaired sexual, maturation and immunity

A

Zn

36
Q

Primary function of this is thyroid hormone production

A

Iodine

37
Q

Def in this causes goiter, cretinism, and sluggishness

A

Iodine

38
Q

Toxicity of Iodine causes

A

a large thyroid

39
Q

Flouride in bottled water?

A

Not much, like 5% or something?

40
Q

toxicity of Flouride

A

dental fluorosis, enamel pitting and staining, very difficult to remove

41
Q

Primary function of this is to activate Thyroid Hormone

A

Selenuium

42
Q

A minor mineral that is involved in carb and lipid metabolism, enhances activity of insulin, does not have def problems, from liver, brewer’s yeast, nuts and cheese

A

Chromium

43
Q

Found in legumes, function as part of enzymes to help use iron, related to absorption and ENERGY

A

Copper

44
Q

Toxicity of this mineral could be severe and cause brain abnormalities, co-factor for many enzymes

A

Manganese

Nutrition Exam (9 decks)

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