Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

How many minerals are there

A

There are between 2,000 - 3,000 in the Earth’s crust.

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2
Q

Native elements

A

made of only one element (Gold, Iron, Copper)

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3
Q

Compounds

A

a mixture of elements.

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4
Q

examples of compounds

A

oxides, carbonates, and sulfides and silicates.

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5
Q

what are minerals composed of?

A

atoms of elements bonded together

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6
Q

elements in the periodic table

A

113 total, 92 are found naturally.

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7
Q

8 most common in earth crust

A
  1. 6% Oxygen (O)
  2. 7% Silicon (Si)
  3. 1% Aluminum (Al)
  4. 0% Iron (Fe)
  5. 6% Calcium (Ca)
  6. 8% Sodium (Na)
  7. 6% Potassium (K)
  8. 1% Magnesium (Mg)
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8
Q

atoms

A

the main components to elements. which all have the same amount of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

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9
Q

protons

A

positively charged subatomic particles.

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10
Q

Neutrons

A

neutrally charged subatomic particles.

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11
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged subatomic particles.

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12
Q

location of subatomic particles

A

Protons and Neutrons are in the Nucleus (center), while electrons are located around, forming clouds.

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13
Q

why do atoms of elements form compounds

A

Atoms bond with other atoms to complete their outer electron shells. when their outer electron shells are complete, they are more stable.

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14
Q

two main types of bonds

A

Ionic and covalent bonds.

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15
Q

Iconic bonding

A

a metal gives an electron to an atom which needs extra electrons. This causes both atoms to be charged (IONS). One has a positive charge (it has more protons than electrons) and the other a negative charge. This causes an attraction between the atoms. Materials bonded this way are usually brittle with poor electrical conductivity.

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16
Q

Covalent bonding

A

bonding occurs in ceramics, glass, wood and other organic materials. covalent bonding share electrons in their outer shell creating full shells for both. Example (diamond, water)

17
Q

polymorphs

A

Minerals which have the same chemistry but different crystal structures.

18
Q

Van der Vaals

A

formed from an electrostatic charge in adjacent atoms. It is present between long-chained molecules in polymers bonding the chains together.

19
Q

descriptions of non-metallic

A

non-metallic features could be glassy, waxy, pearly, or dull.

20
Q

cleavage

A

the tendency of a mineral to break along smooth planes parallel to zones of weak bonding.

21
Q

Fracture

A

the tendency of a mineral to break along curved surfaces without a definite shape. These minerals do not have planes of weakness and break irregularly.