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Geology > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Galena

A

Formula: Pbs Metallic, 3 directions of cleavage 90 degrees; Dark black streak; Specific gravity 7.8 (very heavy) doesn’t scratch glass; M

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2
Q

Sphalerite

A

Formula: ZnS Dark color, yellow brown to black; 6 directions of cleavage; luster, resinous; hardness 3 1/2-4; streak white to yellow; like galena; M

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3
Q

Graphite

A

Formula: C Grey to black, marks paper easily; hardness 1’ greasy feel, M

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4
Q

Magnetite

A

Formula: Fe304 Black; magnetic; hardness 6; streak black; magnetic, does not streak glass; M

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5
Q

Chalcopyrite

A

Brass-yellow; some iridescence; hardness 3 1/2-4; streak green-black; M

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6
Q

Pyrite

A

Formula: FeS2 Brass, scratches glass; no cleavage; green-black streak; M

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7
Q

Limonite

A

Yellow-brown to dark brown, may be almost black; hardness 5-51/2; SG 3.3-4.3; streak yellow-brown to brown; M

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8
Q

Specular hematite

A

Chemical; Fe203 Metallic, red-brown streak; many tiny glittering flakes; M

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9
Q

Hematite (oolitic)

A

Formula: Fe203 Brick red to red brown; earthy luster; oolitic (rounded granules) steak red; M

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10
Q

Calcite

A

Formula; CaCO3; Clear to white; 3 directions of cleavage not at right angles; Hardness 3; effervesces in HCL (fizzes); M

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11
Q

Quartz (crystal)

A

Clear or colors due to impurities; no cleavage; may show conchoidal fracture; hexagonal crystals; luster; vitreous (looks like glass); Hardness 7; M

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12
Q

Orthoclase (k-rich feldspar)

A

Light colored-pink; 2 cleavages at nearly right angles; luster. vitreous; hardness 6; SG 2.6, scratches glass; M

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13
Q

Plagioclase (Na-rich feldspar)

A

Light colored-grey white; 2 directions of cleavage at nearly right angles; STRIATIONS on some cleavage surfaces; scratches glass; M

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14
Q

Chalcedony (Agate)

A

Color variable due to impurities; no cleavage; conchoidal fracture; WAXY; hardness 7; M

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15
Q

Halite

A

Chemical: NaCI; clear to white; 3 directions of cleavage at right angles; salty taste; can scratch with fingernail; M

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16
Q

Smoky Quartz

A

Chemical; SiO2; grey to black; no cleavage; vitreous; conchoidal fracture; scratches glass; M

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17
Q

Olivine

A

Green; no cleavage; granular masses; white streak; scratches glass; M

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18
Q

Gypsum

A

Clear to white; 2 directions of cleavage; hardness 2, vitreous; one of two minerals to scratch with fingernail: M

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19
Q

Muscovite Mica

A

Clear to light yellow; 1 direction of cleavage; easy to break into thin sheets; can scratch with fingernail; M

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20
Q

Flourite

A

White, yellowish or purple; 4 directions of cleavage; vitreous; doesn’t scratch glass; M

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21
Q

Talc

A

Pale green to white; soapy feel; hardness 1; foliated appearance; two of two minerals you can scratch with fingernail; M

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22
Q

Augite (pyroxene)

A

Green to black; 2 directions of cleavage at nearly 90 degrees; hard scratch glass; blocky; M

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23
Q

Hornblende (Amphibole)

A

Black; 2 directions of cleavage at 60 degrees; scratches glass; splintery appearance; M

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24
Q

Garnet Grossular

A

Green; crystalline version of olivine; no cleavage; irregular fracture; scratches glass; streak white; M

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25
Q

Biotite Mica

A

Black to brown; 1 direction of cleavage; easy to break into thin sheets; hardness 2-3; M

26
Q

Breccia

A

Angular clasts, conglomerate, detrital, S

27
Q

Conglomerate

A

Rounded clasts, calcite binding, detrital, S

28
Q

Sandstone

A

Grain size- Sand, detrital. S

29
Q

Arkose

A

Grain size- Sand-larger grains, detrital, S

30
Q

Shale

A

Grain size-silt/mud; Laminated; detrital; fizzes; S

31
Q

Mudstone

A

Bedding bands, fine grained/mud; detrital; S

32
Q

Micritic Limestone

A

Fine grained; crystalline; fizzes, calcite, Chemical; composition-calcite; S

33
Q

Fossiliferous limestone

A

Contains fossils, fizzes from calcite, Chemical, S

34
Q

Oolitic Limestone

A

Ooids, fizzes, Calcite, Chemical, S

35
Q

Coquina

A

All fossil shells, no fine material, fizzes. calcite, Chemical, S

36
Q

Dolostone

A

Powdered rock may fizz in HCI, Chemical; composition-Dolomite, S

37
Q

Chert

A

Light or dark, Hardness 7; composition-Chalcedony, amorphous, Chemical composition- SiO2, scratches glass, conchoidal fractures, S

38
Q

Rock Salt

A

Looks crystalline, tastes salty, Composition-Halite, Chemical. S

39
Q

Rock Gypsum

A

Scratch with fingernail, Composition-Gypsum, powdery compared to mineral gypsum, Chemical, S

40
Q

Bituminous coal

A

May blacken fingers, Composition-Carbon, Conchoidal fracturing, shiny, S

41
Q

Granite

A

Intrusive, Felsic, course grain, composition-kspar, I

42
Q

Rhyolite

A

Fine-grained, Felsic, Composition:K-spar, extrusive, I

43
Q

Diorite

A

Course-grained, Intermediate, Composition: Na-Plagioclase, intrusive, I

44
Q

Andesite

A

Fine-grained, extrusive, Composition- Na-plagioclase, Porphyritic, intermediate, I

45
Q

Gabbro

A

Course grained, Mafic, Intrusive, Composition- Ca-Plagioclase, I

46
Q

Basalt

A

Fine-grained, Mafic, Extrusive, Composition: Ca-Plagioclase, I

47
Q

Porphyritic granite

A

Felsic, course-grained, porphyritic, intrusive, composition:orthoclase/k-spar, crystals-pink, I

48
Q

Obsidian

A

Conchoidal fracturing, glassy, pyroclastic, extrusive, I

49
Q

Vesicular Bassalt

A

Fine grained, vesicular, Mafic, extrusive, I

50
Q

Pumice

A

Glassy, extrusive, Felsic, I

51
Q

Scoria

A

Mafic, Extrusive, I

52
Q

Tuff

A

Pyroclastic, extrusive, felsic, I

53
Q

Augen Gneiss

A

Alternating light and dark bands, Differentiating pressure creates bumps and mounds, Gneiss foliation, Granite protolith, k-spar/orthoclase crystals, Met

54
Q

Gneiss

A

Alternating light to dark layers, even, Gneiss foliation, granite protolith, MET

55
Q

Garnet Schist

A

Schistostic foliation, protolith=slate or mudstone, garnets inside, MET

56
Q

Schist

A

Micas, chlorite, garnet common, schistostic foliation

57
Q

Slate

A

Shows “rock” cleavage, fine grained texture, protolith=Shale, harder, shinier, and has a more ringing sound than shale, MET

58
Q

Metaconglomerate

A

Protolith-Conglomerate, schistostic foliation, MET

59
Q

Marble

A

Protolith=Limestone, fizzes, calcium carbonate, non-foliated, pink or white, MET

60
Q

Quartzilte

A

Protolith=quartz sandstone, non-foliated, MET

61
Q

Anthracite coal

A

Black, shiny luster, conchoidal fracturing, non-foliated, MET

Geology (3 decks)

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