Geology

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest individual particle retaining properties of an element

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Fundamental substances into which matter can be broken down chemicall

Question 3

Mineral

Answer 3

Naturally formed inorganic solid that has a specific chemical composition
and a distinct crystal structure; composed of elements

Question 4

Rock

Answer 4

Naturally formed, coherent mass of one or more minerals, sometimes
including organic debris

Question 5

Mineral Characteristics

Answer 5

1) Naturally formed; 2) inorganic; 3) solid; 4) specific chemical composition;
5) characteristic crystal structure

Question 6

Mineraloids

Answer 6

Lack specific composition and/or characteristic crystal structure

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Protons (+ charge) and neutrons (neutral); very little volume but nearly
all mass of atom

Question 8

Atomic Number

Answer 8

Number of protons in nucleus

Question 9

Mass Number

Answer 9

Total number of protons plus neutrons

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 11

Electrons

Answer 11

(- charge) - Contribute very little mass; move around nucleus in complex 3-D patterns called orbitals; energy-level shells are groupings of orbitals

Question 12

Ion

Answer 12

Atom with excess positive or negative charge caused by electron transfer

Question 13

Cation

Answer 13

+ Charge

Question 14

Anion

Answer 14

• Charge

Question 15

Compounds

Answer 15

Atoms of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio;

molecule = smallest unit

Question 16

Bonding

Answer 16

Force that holds atoms together in a compound

Question 17

Ionic Bonding

Answer 17

Electrostatic attraction between + & - charged particles

Question 18

Covalent Bonding

Answer 18

Sharing of electrons by two adjacent atoms

Question 19

Metallic Bonding

Answer 19

Closely packed atoms; electrons shared between several atoms

Question 20

Van Der Waals Bonding

Answer 20

Weak secondary attraction between certain molecules, Graphite

Question 21

Complex Ions

Answer 21

Two or more ions that act as a single entity

Question 22

Crystal Structure

Answer 22

Geometric patterns of atoms in a solid

Question 23

Crystalline

Answer 23

Has crystal structure

Question 24

Amorphous

Answer 24

Lack crystal structure

Question 25

Ionic Substitutions

Answer 25

Ions with similar sizes and charges can substitute for each other

Question 26

Mineral Group

Answer 26

Displays extensive ionic substitution w/o changing cation:anion ratio