Minerals Flashcards
What are the 5 macrominerals?
Calcium- Ca
Phosphorus- P
Potassium- K
Sodium- Na
Magnesium- Mg
What are the 8 trace minerals?
Cobalt- Co
Copper- Cu
Iron- Fe
Iodine- I
Manganese- Mn
Molybdenum- Mo
Selenium- Se
Zinc- Zn
Adequate Ca & P depends on?
-Adequate supply of both
Suitable Ratio (2:1) (Ca:P)
Adequate Vitamin D, required to absorb Ca and P from small intestine
What are the functions of Ca? (4)
Structural Component of Bone Crystals
Required for blood Clotting
Required for muscle contraction
Required for nerve impulse conduction
Whate are the two types of Ca deficiency?
Skeletal Lesions- rickets, osteomalacia
Acute form- tetany and death
What are the affects of a Ca toxicity?
Hypercalcemia- calcification of soft tissue
Excess dietary Ca decreases absorption of P and Zn
What are the 3 functions of Phosphorus?
More funcitons than any other element
Structural component of bone crystals
Component of phospholipids in cell membranes and transport vehicles
Helps maintain acid/basis and osmotic balance in the cell
What happens when an animal has a Phosphorus toxicity?
Very rare
Excess P causes a decrease in Ca absorption
Leads to Ca deficiency
Usually seen as a Ca deficiency
What is oxalic acid?
An oxalate
It forms insoluble complexes with Ca
Reduces absorption of Ca
If there is a chronic intake, can cause renal failure
Phytic Acid
Forms insoluble complees with P (phytate-P)
In corn germ, 90% of P is bound in phytate-P
Causes reduced absorption
Found in reproductive plant parts
How are soaps formed?
Excess quanities form insoluble complexes with Ca
Decreased absorption
What are some good sources of Ca?
Limestone (34% Ca)
Bone Meal (30.7% Ca)
Dicalcium Phosphate (22% Ca)
What are three good sources of phosphorus?
Sodium phosphate
Dicalcium phosphate (19.3%)
Bone Meal (12.9% )
What ratio of Ca:P do you want?
2:1
What common feed is a very bad source of Ca and P? Why?
Wheat bran .11:1
Inverse relationship, very bad
Whate are 3 funtions of Magnesium?
Component of bone crystals
Enzyme activator/cofactor, especially with CHO energy metabolism
Involved in nerve and muscle contraction