Minerals

Question 1

Major mineral elements

Answer 1

calcium
phosphorus
sodium
potassium
magnesium
chloride

Question 2

Trace mineral elements

Answer 2

iron
zinc
iodine
copper
selenium
fluorine

Question 3

Calcium sources

Answer 3

milk cheese yogurt
tinned fish, salmon sardines
leafy green veg: spinach
hard water

Question 4

RDA of calcium

Answer 4

children: 800mg
teens: 1,200 mg
adults: 800mg
pregnant: 1,200mg

Question 5

Functions of calcium

Answer 5

FORMATION OF STRONG BONES AND TEETH
REQUIRED FOR BLOOD CLOTTING AND REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE
NORMAL MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS (heartbeat) and nerve function

Question 6

Effects of calcium deficiency

Answer 6

rickets, osteomalacia
osteoporosis
tooth decay
poor blood clotting
muscular spasms

Question 7

Assisting calcium absorption

Answer 7

Vitamin D
Phosphorus (combines with calcium to form calcium phosphate in bones and teeth)
Acid environment ( aids calcium absorption, can be achieved by combining vitamin C with calcium rich foods)

Question 8

Hindering calcium absorption

Answer 8

Tannins
Phytates/phytic acid (present in wholegrain bread and cereals, combines with calcium)
Oxalates/oxalicacid (present in rhubarb and spinach may react with calcium)

Question 9

Iron sources

Answer 9

liver kidney red meat
wholegrain flour
dark green vegetables
eggs

Question 10

RDA of iron

Answer 10

Children: 8mg
Teens: 14mg
Adults: 10-14 mg
pregnant: 15mg

Question 11

functions of iron

Answer 11

formation of pigment haemoglobin in red blood cells which transport oxygen
myoglobin production (oxygen)
works with enzymes for metabolism

Question 12

effects of iron deficiency

Answer 12

symptoms: tiredness, muscle fatigue, dizziness, headaches, pale, shortness of breath

Question 13

corrective measures for anaemia

Answer 13

eat iron rich foods
increase vitamin C
iron supplements