Minerals Flashcards
What are minerals classified into
Macro minerals: required in relatively large amounts, e.g., calcium, phosphorus potassium and sodium.
Trace minerals: required in trace amounts, e.g., iron, zinc, iodine
What is 4 sources of calcium
Milk
Yoghurt
Cheese
Leafy green vegetable
What are three functions of calcium
AIDS formation of strong bones and teeth
Assist blood clotting to prevent damage to blood vessels
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Threes deficiency effect of calcium
Increased risk of bone diseases such as rickets osteoporosis and tooth decay
Slow blood clotting of ruptured blood vessels
Muscle fails to relax after contraction
Three factors that assist calcium absorption
Vitamin D stimulates the production of calcium-binding protein, assisting absorption.
The hormone parathormone, released from the parathyroid gland, controls the levels of calcium in the blood.
The hormone oestrogen, produced in the ovaries, promotes calcium absorption.
Three factors hindering calcium absorption
Excess dietary fibre binds to calcium, inhibiting absorption.
Excess fat binds with calcium, creating insoluble and non-absorbable calcium soaps.
As the body burns excess protein for energy it produces sulfate. Sulfate increases the amount of calcium excreted in urine.
What are the two forms of iron
Haem iron: also known as ferrous iron. Easily absorbed by the body.
Non-haem iron: also known as ferric iron. Not easily absorbed by the body, it must be changed into ferrous iron to be easily absorbed
Three functions of iron
Makes red blood cells and forms haemoglobin, a red protein pigment found in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen around the body.
Forms part of myoglobin, which carries oxygen to the muscles for energy.
Works with enzymes to release energy from food.
Three effects of defiencyy of iron
Anaemia may occur due to a lack of haemoglobin and red blood cells, causing a reduction in the oxygen levels in the blood.
Muscle fatigue due to lack of oxygen. This decreases athletic performance.
The body has less energy.
2 factors assisting iron absorption and two factors hindering iron absorption
Assisting
Consuming haem and non-haem iron together increases non-Haem iron absorption
Consuming food high in vitamin c chemically changes non-haem to haem iron
Hindering
Phytic acid in wholegrain breads and seeds bind to iron inhibiting absorption
Oxalic acid in rhubarb and spinach binds to iron inhibit absorption
Functions of Sodium and three food sources
Food sources
Table salt
Cheese
White bread
Functions
Regulates blood pressure
AIDS normal muscle contraction
Functions of potassium and three food sources
AIDS metabolism of carbohydrates and protein to released energy
AIDS normal muscle contraction
Food sources
Meat
Milk
Bananas
