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Horticulture > Mineral Nutrition > Flashcards

Mineral Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Elements

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

come from carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

word for Essential Minerals in large quantities

A

macronutrients

  • primary
  • secondary
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3
Q

word for Essential Minerals in limited quantities

A

micronutrients

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4
Q

Primary Macronutrients

A 
needed in largest amounts
(NPP)
Nitrogen
Phosphorus 
Potassium
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5
Q

Secondary Macronutrients

A 
needed in lesser amounts 
(CSM)
Calcium
Sulfur
Magnesium
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6
Q

Micronutrients

A 
always classified as essential 
(FeZMnCuBMoCl)
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Copper
Boron
Molybdenum 
Chloride

sometimes considered essential
(CoNi)
Cobalt Nickel

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7
Q

Supplementing Nutrients in:
soils
greenhouse mixes
hydropincs

A

soils - N, P, K
greenhouse mixes - (completely artificial media without any soil) complex mixtures of many nutrients are added
hydroponics - (water culture) all essential elements must be provided

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8
Q

Nitrogen is used in plants how?

A

proteins (enzymes that are the machinery of the cell)
chlorophyll (photosynthesis)
DNA, RNA (genetic information)

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9
Q

Phosphorus is used in plants how?

A

DNA, RNA (genetic information)

energy metabolism via ATP

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10
Q

Potassium is used in plants how?

A

Ion regulation
guard cell activity (stomata)
enzyme co-factor (makes enzymes work)

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11
Q

Calcium is used in plants how?

A

cell wall and membranes

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12
Q

Magnesium is used in plants how?

A

Chlorophyll (photosynthesis)

enzyme co-factor (makes enzymes work)

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13
Q

Sulfur is used in plants how?

A

proteins (enzymes that are the machinery of the cell)

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14
Q

Iron is used in plants how?

A

chlorophyll synthesis

“light reaction” in photosynthesis

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15
Q

Manganese & Copper & Zinc are used in plants how?

A

Enzyme co-factor (makes enzyme work)

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16
Q

Boron is used in plants how?

A

Carbohydrate transport (translocation)

17
Q

Molybdenum is used in plants how?

A

nitrogen fixation (capturing nitrogen gas from air in a form plants can use)

18
Q

Chloride is used in plants how?

A

Ion regulation (like potassium)

19
Q

Nutrient ions must be what in order to be taken up into the plant?

A

dissolved in soil water

20
Q

Nutrient ions move from soil solution to vascular center of a plant root, how?

A

by passing through at least one cell membrane

21
Q

movement across a membrane can be described as

A

passive or active

22
Q

mineral uptake by plants can be

A

passive or active

23
Q

Diffusion definition

A

movement across a membrane from side of higher concentration of ion to side of lower concentration of ion

24
Q

Active transport of minerals definition

A

occurs across the membrane against a concentration gradient and requires energy to “pump” ions into the cell

25
Q

Once in the root, minerals move up the stem in the

A

transpiration stream

26
Q

After minerals are once used in cell metabolism or plant growth, they may be either:

A 
moved around later (mobile)
become fixed (immobile)
27
Q

mobile nutrients

A

nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
magnesium

28
Q

immobile nutrients

A

iron
copper
manganese
zinc

29
Q

Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms of mobile minerals

A

when mineral supply gets low, symptoms show up in older leaves - plant moves what it has to new growth, so old growth shows effect of deficiency

30
Q

Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms of immobile minerals

A

when mineral supply gets low, symptoms show up in newer leaves - plant cannot move nutrients to new growth, so new growth shows effect

31
Q

Soil pH

acidity vs. alkalinity

A

add limestone to raise pH (make more basic)

add sulfur to lower pH (make more acidic)

32
Q

How to change how much nutrients is in the soil

A

add fertilizer

33
Q

Fertilizers types/sources

A

organic - manure and plant residues

inorganic - mined minerals

34
Q

Inorganic mineral fertilizers application

A 
dry
-broadcast
-banding
-side dressing 
liquid
-via irrigation lines, fertigation, chemigation and foliar spray
35
Q

Fertilizer Analysis

A

N-P-K

macro: % of total weight
micro: ppm

36
Q

Hydroponics definition and types

A

growing plants in water + nutrients culture without any soil (or medium around roots)

  • water culture, no medium
  • substrate culture, soiless medium
37
Q

water culture requires and types

A

requires:
aeration
root darkness
physical support of plant

types:
recycling of nutrient solution
non-recycling

38
Q

Substrate culture

A

some inert medium (sand, vermiculite, etc.)

water/nutrient solution is provided, usually by capillary action to the roots in the substrate

Horticulture (21 decks)

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