Mindmap 4 Flashcards
What Is The Pedagogy of Discomfort?
- A purposeful way of examining uncomfortable emotions we might otherwise resist or deflect, such as “defensive anger, fear of change, fears of losing our personal and cultural identities,”
- It also includes the guilt and the discomfort produced when we are forced to question our beliefs and assumptions
What Is Privilege?
- A(n undeserved) special advantage, immunity, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, class, or caste.
- Such an advantage, immunity, or right held as a prerogative of status or rank and exercised to the exclusion or detriment of others.
How Is Privilege Invisible?
- Privilege is characteristically invisible to people who have it.
- People in dominant groups often believe that they have earned the privileges that they enjoy or that everyone could have access to these privileges if only they worked to earn them.
- In fact, privileges are unearned and they are granted to people in the dominant groups whether they want those privileges or not, and regardless of their stated intent.
What Is Meritocracy?
- The belief that progress/advancement—power and privilege—in life is based on ability and effort, not by social origins (nobility, social class).
- The myth ignores unearned privilege and structural disadvantage (e.g., familial advantages, social connections, race/ethnicity, sex/gender, access to education, etc.); and it perpetuates status quo
How Does Social Construction and Privilege Relate?
The social construction of gender (and wealth, poverty, race, age, sexuality, etc.) has a tremendous role in privilege since it tends to perpetuate the inequalities based on those social constructions.
What Is Understanding Whiteness?
It is a location of structural advantage and privilege. It has been mentioned that it:
* White has always signified who is entitled to privilege. In this sense, the phrase ‘white privilege’ is a redundancy [since] Whiteness has always signified worthiness, inclusion and acceptance (Powell, quoted in Roediger).
* Whiteness is not necessarily about white people, but rather to the many social and political [and symbolic] processes by which hierarchies and privileges’ are normalized along racial lines (Josesph et al, 2012)
What Is Sport, gender and Development (SGD)
Sport is used as a useful tool to contribute to gender and development in various ways, particularly as a means to:
* Enhance girls’ and women’s health and well-being
* Build self-esteem
* Promote empowerment
* Encourage social inclusion and social integration
* Challenge & transforming gender norms
* Educate women and girls about HIV/AIDS prevention
* Provide women & girls with opportunities for
leadership and achievement
What Is Postcolonial Feminist Theory?
Gender as intersects with other forms of oppression
What Is Cultural Studies of Girlhood and Sport?
Girls understood as nuanced, complex and contextual beings
What Is Neoliberalism?
Efficiency, accountability, competition, individualism and state withdrawal
What Is The Martial Arts Program?
- Due to patriarchal norms and gender-based violence, there are limited opportunities for women and girls
- The program aims to empower girls through self-defense, challenge gender norms, and promote leadership skills
What Is Tokenism?
Risk of superficial initiatives that don’t address structural issues
What Is Social Entrepreneuship (SE)?
Focuses social impact over profit, and prioritizes on community-driven and sustainable solutions, thereby creating social value
What Is the School of Social Innovation?
Individual as primary element” the ‘social entrepreneur’
What Is The Social Enterprise School of Thought?
- Governments and not-for-profit organizations main catalyst of SE (not private or for-profit entities).
- Mission of the social program is at center of this school of thought,
What Is The Collective Action School of Thought
- SE as “stimulated by collective, autonomous and
democratic actions, for example through cooperative
enterprises,” (Bjarsholm, 2017, p. 8). - Approach focuses on how groups work together.
- Not just about the what; but also about the how.
What Is The Capability Approach?
- Framework is focused on well-being, freedom and opportunities
- Therefore emphasizes addressing systemic barriers to inclusion
What Are Capabilities?
Opportunities to achieve well-being
What Are Conversion Factors?
Barriers like cultural norms or resources
What Are Functionings?
Realized achievements, for example, participation in sport.
What Is The Organic Child?
- Normative expectations of good mothering acted out through the provision of safe, clean food.
- Gendered and classed
Food work as women’s/mothers’ work
Childhood as pure and uncontaminated – in turn, mothers constantly at risk of failing child
When Does Food Security Exist?
When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
What Is Food Security?
Commonly defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets dietary needs as well as food preferences
What Are Food Deserts?
- Disadvantaged areas of cities (spatial inequality) with relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food
- Low SES have poorest access to increasingly suburbanized supermarkets
- Low SES individuals are more likely to have mobility restrictions
- Lack of access results in shopping at convenience stores where price is 2x higher and often less nutritious
What Are Food Swamps?
- Not necessarily a lack of food in under-resourced communities
- Rather communities are flooded with unhealthy, highly processed, low-nutrient food combined with disproportionate advertising for unhealthy food compared to wealthier neighborhoods
What Is Food Sovereignty?
- Right to healthy and culturally appropriate foods produced via methods that are sustainable
- Right to define and determine the systems of food production and distribution
- In opposition to corporations and market institutions controlling global food corporations
What Is food Justice?
- An approach that explicitly demands that power imbalances be dismantled
- It includes the food sovereignty and food security
- Concerned with access to healthy, culturally appropriate foods
But also asks: - Who owns and controls the land use for, knowledge about, and technology that goes into food and its production?
- Who labours so that we may have food?
- How has colonialism affected food?
What Is Mental Health?
- Mental health is more than the absence of mental disorders. It exists on a complex continuum,
which is experienced differently from one person to the next, with varying degrees of difficulty and
distress and potentially very different social and clinical outcomes. - Mental health conditions encompass disorders, psychosocial disabilities, and other mental states causing distress, functional impairment, or self-harm risk. While they can lower mental well-being, this is not always the case
What Is Mental Illness?
- Described as disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and perceptionsthat are severe enough to affect day-to-day functioning.
- Some examples are anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
What Is DSM V?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. The DSM contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing
mental disorders
What Is Gender Dysphoria?
For some transgender people, the difference between the gender they are thought to be at birth and the gender they know themselves to be can lead to serious emotional distress that affects their health and everyday lives if not addressed. Gender dysphoria is the medical diagnosis for someone who experiences this distress.
What Are Disability Studies?
Disability Studies understands disability as a socio-political
phenomenon, its meaning made in culture, between us. It is concerned with the study of the meaning of disability and the
material consequences in our every day lives.
What Is Ableism?
A set of practices and beliefs that assign inferior value (worth) to people who have developmental, emotional, physical or psychiatric disabilities.
What Is Medicalization?
- Through this process we come to construct the body in
need of fixing and through that process who is considered “normal”.
The assumption that there is a quest for the “normal body”. - The trajectory of the able-disabled person. The idea that one has to come through their disability to belong.
What Is Healthism?
Where the onus of responsibility for health and health care rests squarely on the individual to the neglect of the social production of illness and disease with minimal regard of collective responsibility for health care
What Is The Pathologization of Poverty?
- Since individualism is viewed as a desirable moral characteristic, asking for help, especially financially, is frowned upon.
- With complete faith in the free market to provide for all who wish to work, people who do not achieve financial success are blamed for their misfortunes increasing the stigma of poverty. Attitudes toward people who receive government financial assistance can elicit feelings of shame from those who receive benefits
- In capitalist, neoliberal regimes, emphasis is placed on agency and less on structure, including the role of choices in effecting good health
What Are Madness Studies?
This challenges the idea that mental illness is just an individual issue, showing it as part of a broader history of oppression, control, and resistance. It argues that mental illness is a recent concept shaped by society and culture, urging us to see it as connected to larger systems of power.
