Kine 1000__Kine 1000_ In Class Test 2 Flashcards
What is the significance and importance of the land acknowledgement?
It is important to acknowledge our relationship to the land and to Indigenous Peoples whom were here before us, and we do this by engaging with colonialism and the ongoing structural violence.
What are some notes on Language?
The Indigenous Peoples (Like First Nations, Metis, and Inuit peoples) have historical relationships to lands and territories before colonization. The Indigenous Nations/Peoples maintain social, economic, and political systems with distinct languages, cultures, and knowledge systems that maintain and develop identities and institutions.
What are some measurable inequalities relating to poverty of Indigenous Peoples in Canada?
- The United Nations Human Development Index noted that First Nations People in Canada have poverty, unemployment, and incarceration rates higher than any other groups in Canada. 2. Indigenous women within Canada are twice as likely to live in poverty as non-Indigenous people. 3. Estimates showed that around 4,000 Indigenous women and girls and 600 Indigenous men and boys have gone missing or been murdered between 1956 and 2016.
What is the Status of Aboriginal People regarding the overall quality of life?
- The suicide rates for Indigenous females in Canada are approximately 8 times the national average and 5 times for men. 2. 53.8% of all children in foster care in Canada are Indigenous. 3. 25% report family abuse. 4. Wage gap is significant in comparison to Canadian counterparts. 5. From Feb. 3, 2023, there were 32 long-term boil water advisories in 28 communities in Canada.
How do we understand the figures and the disproportion of poverty relating to the Status of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada?
It all seems to be a racial and cultural disparity, however we need a context of colonialism to further understand the plight of Indigenous Peoples.
What is Terra Nullius?
Nobody’s land, essentially it is land that is legally deemed to be unoccupied or unhabited.
What was the Doctrine of Discovery relating to the European Settlers?
European settlers were provided legal, commercial, and property rights to Indigenous lands mostly without the knowledge and/or consent of Indigenous Peoples and Nations.
How was land theft justified?
It was justified under the idea of racial superiority. Mass genocide, stealing, and land dispossession were permitted under the view that Indigenous Peoples, values, and worldviews were inferior, backward, and/or ‘savage’.
What is the OED’s definition of Colonialism in Canada?
The OED defines colonialism as a settlement in a new country, a body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a community subject to or connected with their parent state.
What is the REAL definition of Colonialism in Canada?
The Indigenous Peoples’ forced disconnection from land, culture and community by another group. Colonialism is defined as a policy or set of policies and practices where a political power from one territory exerts control in a different territory.
What is Colonialism in Canada?
Often accompanied by violence, it is the expansion of territory, policies of assimilation, land possession and resources, as well as knowledge production and cultural production.
What does it mean regarding Colonialism as ‘Structural Oppression’?
Colonialism itself is a structure, not an event, and operates through a logic of elimination in which genocide is embedded within the structures of Canada.
How was Canada formed knowing Colonialism as Structural Oppression?
Canada as a nation was formed not only through colonization and dispossession of First Nations people, but through large scale racially selective immigration.
What are the specific institutionalized mechanisms of colonization?
- Removal of land from people/people from land. 2. Externally imposing new definitions of status, rights and family (The Indian Act of 1876). 3. Denying peoples’ identity, culture, taking away sovereignty or ability to make decisions.
What is the key point of Assimilation to colonialism?
It was central to the colonial project whereby Indigenous Peoples needed to be absorbed into mainstream Canadian life and adopt the same values.
What was the Indian Act of 1876?
A primary law the federal government uses to administer Indian status, local First Nations governments, and management of reserve land.
What was the Residential School System?
The state governed the lives of First Nations people, specifically children through various mechanisms. Until the 1960s and later in some northern communities, First Nations were transported from homes and schooled in Indian residential schools.
What were the results of the Residential School System?
The Residential School system resulted in the loss of culture, loss of language, and sexual abuse, with the goal to civilize and christianize Indigenous children.
What did Photographs ‘Do’?
They offered a socially constructed view of the world, and shape what people believe to be ‘real’ and ‘true’.
What was the ideas surrounding Health & Residential ‘Schools’?
There was a legal requirement for all Indigenous children to attend residential school, which provided little to no access to healthcare/medications.
Who is Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce?
A physician and early public health advocate for Indigenous children who ‘blew the whistle’ on living conditions and alarmingly high rates of death from Tuberculosis among children in residential schools.
What was the significance of Sport, PA & Health in Residential Schools?
Sport and PA (Physical Activity) was introduced under the idea that Indigenous children were ‘weak’ and ‘diseased’, and in need of orderly instruction to regain vitality.
How was Assimilation a part of Sporting Values?
Residential schools institutionalized sports as a policy aimed at promoting ‘health’.
How beneficial was competition regarding Sports in Residential Schools?
Competitions between Indigenous and Canadian youth became publicized events that offered opportunities for gaining approval and mobilizing public support.
What were the Nuances of Sport?
Sport was implemented as a reward for ‘good’ behaviours and punishment for being ‘bad’.
Who was Thomas Moore Keesik?
Was the ‘face’ of assimilation, whose pictures reproduced ideas about Indigenous ‘savagery’ and European ‘civilization’.
How was photographs used in residential school sports?
Photographs of residential school sports performed a similar function, but were even more powerful because of the positive associations tied to sport.
What was the power of symbolism regarding the use of ‘Photos’?
It created a false sense of similarity among settler audiences who see something of their own sense of ‘normalcy’ in the pictures.
What is Socioeconomic Status (SES)?
An individual’s or group’s position within a hierarchy relative to others.
How does SES influence us through our bodies?
The way you walk, talk, dance, eat, drink, wear clothes, style your hair, your hobbies, lifestyle choices, and many more are things that determine your SES position.
Who is Pierre Bourdieu?
A French sociologist, philosopher, and public intellectual who wrote on concepts such as CAPITAL and HABITUS.
What does it mean for Capital to be an Asset?
We can think about how much and what type of capital (power) we have: Economic, Social, Cultural, Symbolic.
What is Habitus? How is it influenced?
A sense of one’s place, and sense of other people’s place. It is our preferences/tastes, habits, values, and expectations.
How do Differences function as distinctive signs?
Upper classes: Is an ‘ethic of disinterest’ and public display of wealth. Middle classes: Is an ‘ethic of development’ and delayed gratification is paramount. Working classes: Is an ‘instrumental’ ethic, and views the body as a tool to some end.
What is Quiet Luxury?
Is expensive, tailored fashion that rarely, if ever displays a designer’s brand or logo.
What is Conspicuous Consumption?
Spending $ to publicly display wealth to enhance prestige.
How is Poverty being made as a costume?
Tattered, and worn out and faux-distressed luxury are usually favoured by those wealthy enough to be able to pretend of being poor.
What is the idea from Rags to Riches and Riches to Rags?
The more money you may win, the more likely you will end up in financial distress or bankruptcy.
What is a real life example of Rags to Riches?
Hamilton lottery winner of $10.5 million dollars Sharon Tirabassi catches the bus to her part time job so that she can support her kids and pay the rent.
What is the pervasive myth of the Middle Class?
About 50-99% of Canadians believe they are middle-class regardless of their income.
What are some stats to know regarding Income in Canada?
- Income of top 1% tax filers in 2021 is more than $579,100. 2. Income of bottom 50% decreased $1400. 3. Income of top 10% is $224,800. 4. Provincial median after-tax income is $38,000. 5. Canada’s poverty rate in 2022 is 9.9%. 6. Low-income cut-off is $27,343.
Discuss why the wealth gap increase is disproportionate.
The overall wealth/net worth has increased, but the wealth gap has increased disproportionately.
What is income polarization?
In 2023, there was a gap in the share of disposable income between households in the two highest income quintiles and two lowest income quintiles the largest since 2015.
What is income polarization?
In 2023, there was a gap in the share of disposable income between households in the two highest income quintiles and two lowest income quintiles the largest since 2015. The highest income households increase income at a faster pace as they gain the most from investment income. The cost-of-living increases, especially for housing and transportation, outpaced income gains for lower income households.
Renters are less able to generate saving and wealth due to lower incomes and limited property ownership. We need at least $230,450 of annual income to afford a home in Toronto.
