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PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) > Mindanao - Physio Optics > Flashcards

Mindanao - Physio Optics Flashcards

1
Q

Corneal Layers that are permeable to water

  • Descemet and Bowmans Membrane
  • Stroma
  • Epithelium and Bowman’s Membrane
  • Endothelium and Epithelium
A

Endothelium and Epithelium

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2
Q

A pinch on the skin is considered to be:

  • Mechanical Stimulus
  • Thermal Stimulus
  • Electrical Stimulus
  • Chemical Stimulus
A

Mechanical Stimulus

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3
Q

A painful stimulus applied to the skin may cause:

  • Pupillary dilatation
  • Pupillary fibrillation
  • Pupillary constriction
  • Pupillary hippus
A

Pupillary dilatation

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4
Q

This process of seeing involves the impinging of the incident ray of light upon the eye and its transmission through various transparent media.

  • Physical Process
  • Neuro-Muscular Process
  • Physiological Process
  • Pyschological Process
A

Physical Process

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5
Q

Also known as the Yellow Spot

  • Fundus
  • Macula Lutea
  • Optic Disc
  • Fovea Centralis
  • Optic Nerve Head
A

Macula Lutea

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6
Q

This is referred to as the retinal area of greatest acuity

  • Fovea Centralis
  • Fundus
  • Optic Disc
  • Optic Nerve Head
  • Macula Lutea
A

Fovea Centralis

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7
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin affects the sclero-corneal coat:

  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
A

Vitamin A

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8
Q

critical for vision as an essential component of rhodopsin, a protein that absorbs light in the retinal receptors, and because it supports the normal differentiation and functioning of the conjunctival membranes and cornea.

  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
A

Vitamin A

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9
Q

supports cell growth and differentiation, playing a critical role in the normal formation and maintenance of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs

  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
A

Vitamin A

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10
Q

A substance that is most concentrated in aqueous humor

  • Potassium
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B
  • Hyaluronic Acid
A

Vitamin C

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11
Q

supplies nutrients and some oxygen to the ocular avascular tissue, namely cornea, and lens.

  • Aqueous Humor
  • Vitreous Humor
A

Aqueous Humor

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12
Q

It removes waste products, macrophages, blood and other debris from the posterior of the cornea and anterior of the lens.

  • Aqueous Humor
  • Vitreous Humor
A

Aqueous Humor

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13
Q

Which is NOT a function of aqueous humor?

  • Supplies nutrition to avascular structures
  • gives constant shape to the cornea
  • removes waste products from avascular structures
  • maintains rigidity of the optic nerve
A

maintains rigidity of the optic nerve

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14
Q

Percentage of Tears lost by evaporation

  • 35%
  • 25%
  • 15%
  • 75%
A

25%

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15
Q

The excessive secretion of tears by the lacrimal gland

  • Xerophthalmia
  • Blepharoclonus
  • Epiphora
  • Blepharospasm
A

Epiphora

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16
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland is called:

  • Dacryomyosis
  • Dacryocyctitis
  • Dacryoadenitis
  • Lacrimal Sacculitis
A

Dacryoadenitis

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17
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac is called:

  • Dacryomyosis
  • Dacryocyctitis
  • Dacryoadenitis
  • Lacrimal Sacculitis
A

Dacryocyctitis

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18
Q

The transformation of the radiant energy of light into some other form of energy is called:

  • Reflection
  • Diffraction
  • Refraction
  • Absorption
A

Absorption

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19
Q

This part covers about 5/6 of the interior eyeball and is regarded as a dense, flat network blood vessels

  • Retina
  • Iris
  • Choroid
  • Ciliary Body
A

Choroid

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20
Q

Tenon’s capsule is otherwise known as:

  • Schlemm’s Canal
  • Bulbus Oculi
  • Conjunctival fornix
  • Fascia Bulbi
A

Fascia Bulbi

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21
Q

The following are the divisions of the Uveal Tract. EXCEPT

  • Ciliary Body
  • Retina
  • Choriod
  • Iris
A

Retina

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22
Q

Muscles working together in pairs in a precisely coordinated movement

  • Antagonist Muscles
  • Yoke Muscles
  • Agonist Muscles
  • Synergist Muscles
A

Yoke Muscles

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23
Q

(contralateral synergists) are pairs of muscles, one in each eye, that produce conjugate ocular movements.

  • Antagonist Muscles
  • Yoke Muscles
  • Agonist Muscles
  • Synergist Muscles
A

Yoke Muscles

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24
Q

The opening of the eye determined by the levator and orbicularis oculi muscle:

  • Palpebral fissure
  • Canthus
  • Puncta
  • Optic Canal
A

Palpebral fissure

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25
Q

The muscle which inserts nearest to the fovea centralis region is the:

  • Superior Oblique
  • Inferior Rectus
  • Inferior Oblique
  • Superior Rectus
A

Inferior Oblique

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26
Q

located mostly superior and slightly posterior to the posterior border of the IO
insertion.

  • blind spot
  • fovea
A

fovea

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27
Q

A muscle that maintains the elevated position of the eyelids

  • Levator Palpebrae Superioris
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Ciliary Muscles
  • Muellers Muscle
A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

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28
Q

Muscles in the same eye having opposite actions

  • Synergists
  • Yoke
  • Agonist
  • Antagonist
A

Antagonist

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29
Q

The shift between maximum luminosity in photopia to maximum luminosity in scotopia is called:

  • Purkinje-Sanson Images
  • All of the Choices
  • Purkenji Images
  • Purkinje Shift
A

Purkinje Shift

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30
Q

The angle created between the line of sight and the pupillary axis

  • Angle Beta
  • Angle Kappa
  • Angle Alpha
  • Angle Gamma
A

Angle Kappa

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31
Q

The angle created between the line of fixation and the optic axis

  • Angle Beta
  • Angle Kappa
  • Angle Alpha
  • Angle Gamma
A

Angle Gamma

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32
Q

The angle created between the visual axis and the optic axis

  • Angle Beta
  • Angle Kappa
  • Angle Alpha
  • Angle Gamma
A

Angle Alpha

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33
Q

A theoretical line passing through all the six cardinal points

  • Principal Plane
  • Horizontal Axis
  • Principal Axis
  • Vertical Axis
A

Principal Axis

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34
Q

To possess a good stereoscopic vision

  • The accommodation mys be equal
  • The convergence must be equal
  • The fusion should be equal
  • The visual acuity should be equal
A

The fusion should be equal

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35
Q

An object that is seen with extreme clearness which is judged to be much larger is:

  • Aerial Perspective
  • Disclosure of Images
  • After Image
  • Motion Parallax
A

Aerial Perspective

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36
Q

Blindness in half of the visual field of one or both eyes

  • Sparring
  • Anopsia
  • Hemianopsia
  • Scotoma
A

Hemianopsia

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37
Q

An entity of myopia which results in blurring of vision brought about by spasm of the ciliary muscle:

  • Pseudomyopia
  • Nocturnal Myopia
  • Degenerative Myopia
  • Simple Myopia
A

Pseudomyopia

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38
Q

An entity of myopia in which the eye has greater difficulty in seeing in low illumination areas even though daytime vision is normal.

  • Pseudomyopia
  • Nocturnal Myopia
  • Degenerative Myopia
  • Simple Myopia
A

Nocturnal Myopia

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39
Q

Which of the following is not included in the distinct sensations that the eye gives rise to according to Parinaud:

  • Form
  • Movement
  • Color
  • Light
A

Movement

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40
Q

The amount of hyperopia is not revealed and can only be abolished by cycloplegia is called:

  • Total
  • Manifest
  • Latent
  • Facultative
A

Latent

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41
Q

Night blindness is caused mainly by

  • Deficiency in Vit D
  • Avitaminosis
  • lack of Amino Acids
  • Deficiency in Calcium
A

Avitaminosis

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42
Q

Another term for BLUE Blindness

  • Amerythropsia
  • Achloropsia
  • Acyanopsia
  • Ionopsia
A

Acyanopsia

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43
Q

A condition wherein light reflex is absent but the near response is intact

  • Nyctalopia
  • Dyscoria
  • Anisocoria
  • Light Near dissociation
A

Light Near dissociation

44
Q

Pupil abnormality which is the hallmark of neuro-syphilis

  • Adies Tonic Pupil
  • Amaurotic Pupil
  • Argyll-Robertsons Pupil
  • Hutchinson’s Pupil
A

Argyll-Robertsons Pupil

45
Q

A condition wherein the size of the pupil is 1.5mm or less

  • Miosis
  • Aniseikonia
  • Mydriasis
  • Anisocoria
A

Miosis

46
Q

Abnormally shaped pupil is called:

  • Polycoria
  • Corectopia
  • Aniridia
  • Dyscoria
A

Dyscoria

47
Q

Displacement of pupil

  • Polycoria
  • Corectopia
  • Aniridia
  • Dyscoria
A

Corectopia

48
Q

Absence of pupil

  • Polycoria
  • Corectopia
  • Aniridia
  • Dyscoria
A

Aniridia

49
Q

Abnormal neovascularization of the iris

  • Rubeosis Iridis
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Iridodialysis
  • Iridodonesis
A

Rubeosis Iridis

50
Q

Phenomenon of “pupillary escape” is present in:

  • Afferent Pupillary Defect
  • All of the choices
  • Normal Pupil
  • Efferent Pupillary Defect
A

Afferent Pupillary Defect

51
Q

The following are signs and symptoms that makeup Horner’s Syndrome. EXCEPT:

  • Exophthalmia
  • Anhydrosis
  • Miosis
  • Ptosis
A

Exophthalmia

52
Q

A condition where there’s a loss of direct and consensual pupil constriction, as well as near and palpebral reflexes, is called:

  • Iridoplegia
  • Iridodialysis
  • Ophthalmoplegia Interna
  • Iridodonesis
A

Iridoplegia

53
Q

A condition that causes paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles. It can affect one or more of the six muscles that hold the eye in place and control its movement.

  • Iridoplegia
  • Iridodialysis
  • Ophthalmoplegia Interna
  • Iridodonesis
A

Ophthalmoplegia Interna

54
Q

States that when a muscle contracts, its direct antagonists relax to an equal extent allowing eye movement to take place

  • Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal innervation
  • Herring’s Law of Equal Innervation
  • Webers Law
  • Listing’s Law
A

Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal innervation

55
Q

Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal innervation

  • Webers Theory
  • Tshernings Theory
  • Helmholtz Theory
  • Herings Theory
A

Herings Theory

56
Q

________ of colors is based upon an analysis of color-sensations. It only shows that
the threshold for black white vision is lower than that for the two color processes.
* Webers Theory
* Tshernings Theory
* Helmholtz Theory
* Herings Theory

A

Herings Theory

57
Q

The failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point

  • Spherical Aberration
  • All of the choices
  • Chromatic Aberration
  • Aberration
A

Chromatic Aberration

58
Q

It is a type of color vision where all 3 color wavelengths must be employed in order to produce all possible color sensations

  • Memochrimacy
  • Dichromacy
  • Trichromacy
  • Monochromacy
A

Trichromacy

59
Q

Rods for Scotopic Vision and Cones for Photopic Vision

  • Fechners Law
  • Parinauds Theory
  • Webers Law
  • Duplicity Theory
A

Duplicity Theory

60
Q

Theory of visual projection where it is mutually referring any sensation to some part of the space

  • Nativistic Theory
  • Acquiring Theory
  • Empirical Theory
  • Evolution Theory
A

Empirical Theory

61
Q 
The law which holds that the innervation which gives rise to conjugate eye movements are themselves symmetrical is:
Webers Law
Herings Law
Sherringtons Law
Donders Law
A

Herings Law

62
Q

This is a failure of an optic system to produce a perfect image of an object

  • Diplopia
  • Suppression
  • Aberration
  • Optical Blur
A

Aberration

63
Q

Presbyopia is earliest in:

  • Hyperopes
  • Myopes
  • Everyone
  • Astigmats
A

Hyperopes

64
Q

AA of a 40 year old according to Donders:

  • 2.50D
  • 4.50D
  • 3.50D
  • 5.00D
A

4.50D

65
Q

The three synkinetic reactions by mediating the 3rd cranial nerve are:

  • Constriction-Convergence-Elevation
  • Divergence-Constriction-Accommodation
  • Convergence-Accommodation-Constriction
  • Accommodation-Dilation-Convergence
A

Convergence-Accommodation-Constriction

66
Q

A type of hyperopia that a person can voluntarily overcome with the accommodation

  • Absolute
  • Congenital
  • Hereditary
  • Facultative
A

Facultative

67
Q

A cognition in which objects or persons are not recognized

  • Aphasia
  • Opsia
  • Agnosia
  • Alepsia
A

Agnosia

68
Q

A condition that occurs when the posterior iris become attached to the lens surface in iritis.

  • Anterior Synechia
  • Pupillary occulusion
  • Posterior Synechia
  • Pupillary Block
A

Posterior Synechia

69
Q

The ability of the human eye to focus a blur image is called:

A
70
Q

The ability of the human eye to focus a blurred image is called:

  • blur circles
  • accommodation
  • blinking
  • convergence
A

accommodation

71
Q

The bouncing back of light from a surface is called:

  • Refraction
  • Polarization
  • Reflection
  • Diffraction
A

Reflection

72
Q

Who gave the term presbyopia?

  • Donders
  • Tscherning
  • Babbage
  • Helmholtz
A

Donders

73
Q

‘The following are TRUE of PRESBYOPIA. EXCEPT:

  • Always associated with pupil dilatation
  • Needs a plus lens to restore vision at near
  • May be due to the hardening of the lens
  • Sooner in onset among hyperopes
A

Always associated with pupil dilatation

74
Q

The unit of refractive power of the lens

  • Centimeter
  • Focal Length
  • Meter
  • Diopter
A

Diopter

75
Q

An imaginary straight line passing through the nodal point terminating at the fovea centralis

  • Visual Axis
  • Fixation Axis
  • Pupillary Axis
  • Optic Axis
A

Visual Axis

76
Q

The entopic phenomenon of muscae vollitantes usually refer to:

  • Vitreous opacities
  • Lenticular opacities
  • Corneal tear fiber irregularities
  • Red Blood Cells circulating in the retinal vascular network
A

Vitreous opacities

77
Q

The linear distance from nearest point of accommodation to the farthest point is called:

  • total accommodation
  • range of accommodation
  • amplitude of accommodation
  • available accommodation
A

range of accommodation

78
Q

As the human eye accommodates, the Purkinje-Sanson Images:

  • I and II decrease in size and move toward the cornea
  • III and IV increase in size and move away from the cornea
  • I and II increase in size and move away to the cornea
  • III and IV decrease in size and move toward the cornea
A

III and IV decrease in size and move toward the cornea

79
Q

Which plane of the eye divides the eyeball into anterior and posterior halves?

  • Equatorial Plane
  • Vertical Plane
  • Median Plane
  • Visual Plane
A

Equatorial Plane

80
Q

This plane of the eye divides the eyeball into right and left halves

  • Equatorial Plane
  • Vertical Plane
  • Median Plane
  • Visual Plane
A

Median Plane

81
Q

First to advance proof that accommodation is a lenticular process

  • Tscherning
  • Young
  • Cramer
  • Helmholtz
A

Young

82
Q

PR stands for

  • Punctum Roximum
  • Punctom Remutum
  • Punctom Remotum
  • Punctum Remotum
A

Punctum Remotum

83
Q

The patient has a near point of 5cm and a far point of 25cm. How much is the AA?

  • 5.00D
  • 3.25D
  • 16.00D
  • 19.25D
A

16.00D

84
Q

The greatest distance thru which a given object can be moved to or from the eye yet remained clearly visible

  • Depth of Field
  • Depth of Sight
  • Depth of Focus
  • Focal Depth
A

Depth of Focus

85
Q

Organs in which the irritability to the environmental changes is very highly developed:

  • Afferent Nerve
  • Effectors
  • Efferent Nerve
  • Receptors
A

Receptors

86
Q

The generation of a nerve impulse in the retina and its transmission by a chain of neurons to the CNS

  • Pyschological Process
  • Physiological Process
  • Neuro-Muscular Process
  • Physical Process
A

Neuro-Muscular Process

87
Q

The generation of a nerve impulse in the retina and its transmission by a chain of neurons to the CNS

  • Pyschological Process
  • Physiological Process
  • Neuro-Muscular Process
  • Physical Process
A

Neuro-Muscular Process

88
Q

A very simple device for helping patients recognize their fusion status

  • Cross Cylinder
  • Maddox Rod
  • Prism
  • Red Filter
A

Red Filter

89
Q

An important pigment found in Rods

  • All of the Choices
  • Retinene
  • Rhodopsin
  • Iodopsin
A

Rhodopsin

90
Q

Visual Purple is

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipid
  • Calcium
  • Protein
A

Protein

91
Q

A destructive change characterized by thickening, ulceration, and softening of the cornea due to Vitamin A Deficiency is:

  • Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
  • Nyctalopia
  • Keratomalacia
  • Xerophthalmia
A
  • Keratomalacia
92
Q

Sclera comes from the word scleros which means:

  • All of the Choices
  • Opaque
  • White
  • Hard
A

Hard

93
Q

In order for a small media opacity to interfere with vision, it must be near the:

  • Lens
  • Retina
  • Nodal Point
  • Corneal Point
A

Nodal Point

94
Q

Index of refraction of the cornea:

  • 1.38
  • 1.40
  • 1.37
  • 1.33
A

1.37

95
Q

Index of refraction of the Aqueous Humor

  • 1.38
  • 1.40
  • 1.37
  • 1.33
A

1.33

96
Q

Index of refraction of the Lens Cortex

  • 1.38
  • 1.40
  • 1.37
  • 1.33
A

1.38

97
Q

Index of refraction of the Lens Core

  • 1.38
  • 1.40
  • 1.37
  • 1.33
A

1.40

98
Q

The power of the Crystalline Lens with active accommodation

  • 19.00D
  • 15.00D
  • 43.00D
  • 33.00D
A

33.00D

99
Q

The power of the Cornea with active accommodation

  • 19.00D
  • 15.00D
  • 43.00D
  • 33.00D
A

43.00D

100
Q

The power of the Cornea with relaxed accommodation

  • 19.00D
  • 15.00D
  • 43.00D
  • 33.00D
A

43.00D

101
Q

The nuclei of the rods and cones are found of what retinal layer

  • Inner Plexiform Layer
  • Outer Molecular Layer
  • Outer Nuclear Layer
  • Inner Nuclear Layer
A

Outer Nuclear Layer

102
Q

It is the layer of the retina of hexagonal cells with minutes black pigments that is so clearly applied to the choroid and adherent to it:

  • Nerve Fiber Layer
  • Pigmented Epithelium
  • Internal Limiting Membrane
  • Photoreceptor layer
A

Pigmented Epithelium

103
Q

It is a part of the retina. lying 3mm to the temporal side of the optic disc; 1mm temporal to posterior pole and 0.8mm below the horizontal plane

  • Physiological Cup
  • Macula Lutea
  • Blind Spot
  • Ora serrata
A

Macula Lutea

104
Q

This is situated 3mm to the nasal side of the posterior pole of the eye and 1mm below the horizontal plane

  • Physiological Cup
  • Macula Lutea
  • Blind Spot
  • Ora serrata
A

Blind Spot

105
Q

The meningeal sheath that covers the optic nerve that blends with the sclerotic coat.

  • Arachnoid
  • Dura
  • Scleros
  • Pia
A

Dura

106
Q

Foveas are not formed until the:

  • Eighth Month of Life
  • Second Month of life
  • Fifth Month of Life
  • Third Month of life
A

Third Month of life

PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) (16 decks)

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