Mindanao - Physio Optics Flashcards
Corneal Layers that are permeable to water
- Descemet and Bowmans Membrane
- Stroma
- Epithelium and Bowman’s Membrane
- Endothelium and Epithelium
Endothelium and Epithelium
A pinch on the skin is considered to be:
- Mechanical Stimulus
- Thermal Stimulus
- Electrical Stimulus
- Chemical Stimulus
Mechanical Stimulus
A painful stimulus applied to the skin may cause:
- Pupillary dilatation
- Pupillary fibrillation
- Pupillary constriction
- Pupillary hippus
Pupillary dilatation
This process of seeing involves the impinging of the incident ray of light upon the eye and its transmission through various transparent media.
- Physical Process
- Neuro-Muscular Process
- Physiological Process
- Pyschological Process
Physical Process
Also known as the Yellow Spot
- Fundus
- Macula Lutea
- Optic Disc
- Fovea Centralis
- Optic Nerve Head
Macula Lutea
This is referred to as the retinal area of greatest acuity
- Fovea Centralis
- Fundus
- Optic Disc
- Optic Nerve Head
- Macula Lutea
Fovea Centralis
Deficiency of this vitamin affects the sclero-corneal coat:
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin C
Vitamin A
critical for vision as an essential component of rhodopsin, a protein that absorbs light in the retinal receptors, and because it supports the normal differentiation and functioning of the conjunctival membranes and cornea.
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin C
Vitamin A
supports cell growth and differentiation, playing a critical role in the normal formation and maintenance of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin C
Vitamin A
A substance that is most concentrated in aqueous humor
- Potassium
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B
- Hyaluronic Acid
Vitamin C
supplies nutrients and some oxygen to the ocular avascular tissue, namely cornea, and lens.
- Aqueous Humor
- Vitreous Humor
Aqueous Humor
It removes waste products, macrophages, blood and other debris from the posterior of the cornea and anterior of the lens.
- Aqueous Humor
- Vitreous Humor
Aqueous Humor
Which is NOT a function of aqueous humor?
- Supplies nutrition to avascular structures
- gives constant shape to the cornea
- removes waste products from avascular structures
- maintains rigidity of the optic nerve
maintains rigidity of the optic nerve
Percentage of Tears lost by evaporation
- 35%
- 25%
- 15%
- 75%
25%
The excessive secretion of tears by the lacrimal gland
- Xerophthalmia
- Blepharoclonus
- Epiphora
- Blepharospasm
Epiphora
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland is called:
- Dacryomyosis
- Dacryocyctitis
- Dacryoadenitis
- Lacrimal Sacculitis
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac is called:
- Dacryomyosis
- Dacryocyctitis
- Dacryoadenitis
- Lacrimal Sacculitis
Dacryocyctitis
The transformation of the radiant energy of light into some other form of energy is called:
- Reflection
- Diffraction
- Refraction
- Absorption
Absorption
This part covers about 5/6 of the interior eyeball and is regarded as a dense, flat network blood vessels
- Retina
- Iris
- Choroid
- Ciliary Body
Choroid
Tenon’s capsule is otherwise known as:
- Schlemm’s Canal
- Bulbus Oculi
- Conjunctival fornix
- Fascia Bulbi
Fascia Bulbi
The following are the divisions of the Uveal Tract. EXCEPT
- Ciliary Body
- Retina
- Choriod
- Iris
Retina
Muscles working together in pairs in a precisely coordinated movement
- Antagonist Muscles
- Yoke Muscles
- Agonist Muscles
- Synergist Muscles
Yoke Muscles
(contralateral synergists) are pairs of muscles, one in each eye, that produce conjugate ocular movements.
- Antagonist Muscles
- Yoke Muscles
- Agonist Muscles
- Synergist Muscles
Yoke Muscles
The opening of the eye determined by the levator and orbicularis oculi muscle:
- Palpebral fissure
- Canthus
- Puncta
- Optic Canal
Palpebral fissure
The muscle which inserts nearest to the fovea centralis region is the:
- Superior Oblique
- Inferior Rectus
- Inferior Oblique
- Superior Rectus
Inferior Oblique
located mostly superior and slightly posterior to the posterior border of the IO
insertion.
- blind spot
- fovea
fovea
A muscle that maintains the elevated position of the eyelids
- Levator Palpebrae Superioris
- Orbicularis Oculi
- Ciliary Muscles
- Muellers Muscle
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Muscles in the same eye having opposite actions
- Synergists
- Yoke
- Agonist
- Antagonist
Antagonist
The shift between maximum luminosity in photopia to maximum luminosity in scotopia is called:
- Purkinje-Sanson Images
- All of the Choices
- Purkenji Images
- Purkinje Shift
Purkinje Shift
The angle created between the line of sight and the pupillary axis
- Angle Beta
- Angle Kappa
- Angle Alpha
- Angle Gamma
Angle Kappa
The angle created between the line of fixation and the optic axis
- Angle Beta
- Angle Kappa
- Angle Alpha
- Angle Gamma
Angle Gamma
The angle created between the visual axis and the optic axis
- Angle Beta
- Angle Kappa
- Angle Alpha
- Angle Gamma
Angle Alpha
A theoretical line passing through all the six cardinal points
- Principal Plane
- Horizontal Axis
- Principal Axis
- Vertical Axis
Principal Axis
To possess a good stereoscopic vision
- The accommodation mys be equal
- The convergence must be equal
- The fusion should be equal
- The visual acuity should be equal
The fusion should be equal
An object that is seen with extreme clearness which is judged to be much larger is:
- Aerial Perspective
- Disclosure of Images
- After Image
- Motion Parallax
Aerial Perspective
Blindness in half of the visual field of one or both eyes
- Sparring
- Anopsia
- Hemianopsia
- Scotoma
Hemianopsia
An entity of myopia which results in blurring of vision brought about by spasm of the ciliary muscle:
- Pseudomyopia
- Nocturnal Myopia
- Degenerative Myopia
- Simple Myopia
Pseudomyopia
An entity of myopia in which the eye has greater difficulty in seeing in low illumination areas even though daytime vision is normal.
- Pseudomyopia
- Nocturnal Myopia
- Degenerative Myopia
- Simple Myopia
Nocturnal Myopia
Which of the following is not included in the distinct sensations that the eye gives rise to according to Parinaud:
- Form
- Movement
- Color
- Light
Movement
The amount of hyperopia is not revealed and can only be abolished by cycloplegia is called:
- Total
- Manifest
- Latent
- Facultative
Latent
Night blindness is caused mainly by
- Deficiency in Vit D
- Avitaminosis
- lack of Amino Acids
- Deficiency in Calcium
Avitaminosis
Another term for BLUE Blindness
- Amerythropsia
- Achloropsia
- Acyanopsia
- Ionopsia
Acyanopsia
A condition wherein light reflex is absent but the near response is intact
- Nyctalopia
- Dyscoria
- Anisocoria
- Light Near dissociation
Light Near dissociation
Pupil abnormality which is the hallmark of neuro-syphilis
- Adies Tonic Pupil
- Amaurotic Pupil
- Argyll-Robertsons Pupil
- Hutchinson’s Pupil
Argyll-Robertsons Pupil
A condition wherein the size of the pupil is 1.5mm or less
- Miosis
- Aniseikonia
- Mydriasis
- Anisocoria
Miosis
Abnormally shaped pupil is called:
- Polycoria
- Corectopia
- Aniridia
- Dyscoria
Dyscoria
Displacement of pupil
- Polycoria
- Corectopia
- Aniridia
- Dyscoria
Corectopia
Absence of pupil
- Polycoria
- Corectopia
- Aniridia
- Dyscoria
Aniridia
Abnormal neovascularization of the iris
- Rubeosis Iridis
- Iridocyclitis
- Iridodialysis
- Iridodonesis
Rubeosis Iridis
Phenomenon of “pupillary escape” is present in:
- Afferent Pupillary Defect
- All of the choices
- Normal Pupil
- Efferent Pupillary Defect
Afferent Pupillary Defect
The following are signs and symptoms that makeup Horner’s Syndrome. EXCEPT:
- Exophthalmia
- Anhydrosis
- Miosis
- Ptosis
Exophthalmia
A condition where there’s a loss of direct and consensual pupil constriction, as well as near and palpebral reflexes, is called:
- Iridoplegia
- Iridodialysis
- Ophthalmoplegia Interna
- Iridodonesis
Iridoplegia
A condition that causes paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles. It can affect one or more of the six muscles that hold the eye in place and control its movement.
- Iridoplegia
- Iridodialysis
- Ophthalmoplegia Interna
- Iridodonesis
Ophthalmoplegia Interna
States that when a muscle contracts, its direct antagonists relax to an equal extent allowing eye movement to take place
- Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal innervation
- Herring’s Law of Equal Innervation
- Webers Law
- Listing’s Law
Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal innervation
Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal innervation
- Webers Theory
- Tshernings Theory
- Helmholtz Theory
- Herings Theory
Herings Theory
________ of colors is based upon an analysis of color-sensations. It only shows that
the threshold for black white vision is lower than that for the two color processes.
* Webers Theory
* Tshernings Theory
* Helmholtz Theory
* Herings Theory
Herings Theory
The failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point
- Spherical Aberration
- All of the choices
- Chromatic Aberration
- Aberration
Chromatic Aberration
It is a type of color vision where all 3 color wavelengths must be employed in order to produce all possible color sensations
- Memochrimacy
- Dichromacy
- Trichromacy
- Monochromacy
Trichromacy
Rods for Scotopic Vision and Cones for Photopic Vision
- Fechners Law
- Parinauds Theory
- Webers Law
- Duplicity Theory
Duplicity Theory
Theory of visual projection where it is mutually referring any sensation to some part of the space
- Nativistic Theory
- Acquiring Theory
- Empirical Theory
- Evolution Theory
Empirical Theory
The law which holds that the innervation which gives rise to conjugate eye movements are themselves symmetrical is: Webers Law Herings Law Sherringtons Law Donders Law
Herings Law
This is a failure of an optic system to produce a perfect image of an object
- Diplopia
- Suppression
- Aberration
- Optical Blur
Aberration
Presbyopia is earliest in:
- Hyperopes
- Myopes
- Everyone
- Astigmats
Hyperopes
AA of a 40 year old according to Donders:
- 2.50D
- 4.50D
- 3.50D
- 5.00D
4.50D
The three synkinetic reactions by mediating the 3rd cranial nerve are:
- Constriction-Convergence-Elevation
- Divergence-Constriction-Accommodation
- Convergence-Accommodation-Constriction
- Accommodation-Dilation-Convergence
Convergence-Accommodation-Constriction
A type of hyperopia that a person can voluntarily overcome with the accommodation
- Absolute
- Congenital
- Hereditary
- Facultative
Facultative
A cognition in which objects or persons are not recognized
- Aphasia
- Opsia
- Agnosia
- Alepsia
Agnosia
A condition that occurs when the posterior iris become attached to the lens surface in iritis.
- Anterior Synechia
- Pupillary occulusion
- Posterior Synechia
- Pupillary Block
Posterior Synechia
The ability of the human eye to focus a blur image is called:
The ability of the human eye to focus a blurred image is called:
- blur circles
- accommodation
- blinking
- convergence
accommodation
The bouncing back of light from a surface is called:
- Refraction
- Polarization
- Reflection
- Diffraction
Reflection
Who gave the term presbyopia?
- Donders
- Tscherning
- Babbage
- Helmholtz
Donders
‘The following are TRUE of PRESBYOPIA. EXCEPT:
- Always associated with pupil dilatation
- Needs a plus lens to restore vision at near
- May be due to the hardening of the lens
- Sooner in onset among hyperopes
Always associated with pupil dilatation
The unit of refractive power of the lens
- Centimeter
- Focal Length
- Meter
- Diopter
Diopter
An imaginary straight line passing through the nodal point terminating at the fovea centralis
- Visual Axis
- Fixation Axis
- Pupillary Axis
- Optic Axis
Visual Axis
The entopic phenomenon of muscae vollitantes usually refer to:
- Vitreous opacities
- Lenticular opacities
- Corneal tear fiber irregularities
- Red Blood Cells circulating in the retinal vascular network
Vitreous opacities
The linear distance from nearest point of accommodation to the farthest point is called:
- total accommodation
- range of accommodation
- amplitude of accommodation
- available accommodation
range of accommodation
As the human eye accommodates, the Purkinje-Sanson Images:
- I and II decrease in size and move toward the cornea
- III and IV increase in size and move away from the cornea
- I and II increase in size and move away to the cornea
- III and IV decrease in size and move toward the cornea
III and IV decrease in size and move toward the cornea
Which plane of the eye divides the eyeball into anterior and posterior halves?
- Equatorial Plane
- Vertical Plane
- Median Plane
- Visual Plane
Equatorial Plane
This plane of the eye divides the eyeball into right and left halves
- Equatorial Plane
- Vertical Plane
- Median Plane
- Visual Plane
Median Plane
First to advance proof that accommodation is a lenticular process
- Tscherning
- Young
- Cramer
- Helmholtz
Young
PR stands for
- Punctum Roximum
- Punctom Remutum
- Punctom Remotum
- Punctum Remotum
Punctum Remotum
The patient has a near point of 5cm and a far point of 25cm. How much is the AA?
- 5.00D
- 3.25D
- 16.00D
- 19.25D
16.00D
The greatest distance thru which a given object can be moved to or from the eye yet remained clearly visible
- Depth of Field
- Depth of Sight
- Depth of Focus
- Focal Depth
Depth of Focus
Organs in which the irritability to the environmental changes is very highly developed:
- Afferent Nerve
- Effectors
- Efferent Nerve
- Receptors
Receptors
The generation of a nerve impulse in the retina and its transmission by a chain of neurons to the CNS
- Pyschological Process
- Physiological Process
- Neuro-Muscular Process
- Physical Process
Neuro-Muscular Process
The generation of a nerve impulse in the retina and its transmission by a chain of neurons to the CNS
- Pyschological Process
- Physiological Process
- Neuro-Muscular Process
- Physical Process
Neuro-Muscular Process
A very simple device for helping patients recognize their fusion status
- Cross Cylinder
- Maddox Rod
- Prism
- Red Filter
Red Filter
An important pigment found in Rods
- All of the Choices
- Retinene
- Rhodopsin
- Iodopsin
Rhodopsin
Visual Purple is
- Carbohydrates
- Lipid
- Calcium
- Protein
Protein
A destructive change characterized by thickening, ulceration, and softening of the cornea due to Vitamin A Deficiency is:
- Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
- Nyctalopia
- Keratomalacia
- Xerophthalmia
- Keratomalacia
Sclera comes from the word scleros which means:
- All of the Choices
- Opaque
- White
- Hard
Hard
In order for a small media opacity to interfere with vision, it must be near the:
- Lens
- Retina
- Nodal Point
- Corneal Point
Nodal Point
Index of refraction of the cornea:
- 1.38
- 1.40
- 1.37
- 1.33
1.37
Index of refraction of the Aqueous Humor
- 1.38
- 1.40
- 1.37
- 1.33
1.33
Index of refraction of the Lens Cortex
- 1.38
- 1.40
- 1.37
- 1.33
1.38
Index of refraction of the Lens Core
- 1.38
- 1.40
- 1.37
- 1.33
1.40
The power of the Crystalline Lens with active accommodation
- 19.00D
- 15.00D
- 43.00D
- 33.00D
33.00D
The power of the Cornea with active accommodation
- 19.00D
- 15.00D
- 43.00D
- 33.00D
43.00D
The power of the Cornea with relaxed accommodation
- 19.00D
- 15.00D
- 43.00D
- 33.00D
43.00D
The nuclei of the rods and cones are found of what retinal layer
- Inner Plexiform Layer
- Outer Molecular Layer
- Outer Nuclear Layer
- Inner Nuclear Layer
Outer Nuclear Layer
It is the layer of the retina of hexagonal cells with minutes black pigments that is so clearly applied to the choroid and adherent to it:
- Nerve Fiber Layer
- Pigmented Epithelium
- Internal Limiting Membrane
- Photoreceptor layer
Pigmented Epithelium
It is a part of the retina. lying 3mm to the temporal side of the optic disc; 1mm temporal to posterior pole and 0.8mm below the horizontal plane
- Physiological Cup
- Macula Lutea
- Blind Spot
- Ora serrata
Macula Lutea
This is situated 3mm to the nasal side of the posterior pole of the eye and 1mm below the horizontal plane
- Physiological Cup
- Macula Lutea
- Blind Spot
- Ora serrata
Blind Spot
The meningeal sheath that covers the optic nerve that blends with the sclerotic coat.
- Arachnoid
- Dura
- Scleros
- Pia
Dura
Foveas are not formed until the:
- Eighth Month of Life
- Second Month of life
- Fifth Month of Life
- Third Month of life
Third Month of life
