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PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) > 7 PRIMER (ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON, COLORS) > Flashcards

7 PRIMER (ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON, COLORS) Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to visual perceptions that are produced or influenced by the structures of one’s own eye.

  • Entoptic Imagery (entoptic Phenomenon)
  • Color vision
A

Entoptic Imagery (entoptic Phenomenon)

“produced by the structures of own eye”

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2
Q

opacities of the ocular media

  • pathologic imperfections
  • physiologic imperfections
A

pathologic imperfections

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3
Q

Under some conditions colored halos can be seen to surround small white lights that are viewed from a distance

  • Physiologic and pathologic halos
  • Vitreoretinal sources of entoptic images
A

Physiologic and pathologic halos

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4
Q

chromatic dispersion of white light by various layers of cells in the ocular media.

  • Physiologic and pathologic halos
  • Vitreoretinal sources of entoptic images
A

Physiologic and pathologic halos

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5
Q

radial arrangement of lens fibers, which act as diffraction grating

  • Physiologic halos
  • Pathologic halos
A

Physiologic halos

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6
Q

increase IOP, radiation keratopathy

  • Physiologic halos
  • Pathologic halos
A

Pathologic halos

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7
Q

consisting of flashes of light that were likened to the appearance of flashes of lightning

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Moore’s Lightning Streaks

“flashes of light”

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8
Q

Associated with stress

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Moore’s Lightning Streaks

“stress”

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9
Q

Images of the retinal blood vessels.

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Purkinje Figures

“retinal blood vessels”

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10
Q

Illumination of the fundus by parallel rays of light will allow visualization of small opacities located close to the retina.

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Purkinje Figures

“visualization of small opacities”

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11
Q

Scheerer’s Phenomenon

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Blue field phenomenon

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12
Q

appearance of tiny bright dots moving rapidly along squiggly lines in the visual field.

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Blue field phenomenon

“bright dots moving”

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13
Q

caused by white blood cells moving in the capillaries in front of the retina

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Blue field phenomenon

“white blood cells moving”

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14
Q

is the perception of light without light actually entering the eye

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Phosphene

“perception of light without light”

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15
Q

Results from stimulation of retinal ganglion cells

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Phosphene

“retinal ganglion cells”

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16
Q

brought by rapid movement of the eye

  • Flick phosphene
  • phosphene
A

Flick phosphene

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17
Q

produced by snneze, laughter, a heavy and deep cough, and blowing of the nose

  • Flick phosphene
  • phosphene
A

phosphene

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18
Q

Electrical stimulation of the brain

  • Flick phosphene
  • phosphene
A

phosphene

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19
Q

refers to an image continuing to appear in one’s vision after the exposure to the original image has ceased

  • Afterimage
  • Science of Color
A

Afterimage

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20
Q

Over stimulation of cones

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Negative

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21
Q

Opposite color of the original object

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Negative

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22
Q

Transmission of impulse from the retina to the brain in a dark adapted eye

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Positive

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23
Q

Same color as the original color

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Positive

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24
Q

That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

  • Afterimage
  • Colors
A

Colors

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25
That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer. * Afterimage * Colors
Colors
26
That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer. * Afterimage * Colors
Colors
27
That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer. * Afterimage * Colors
Colors
28
That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer. * Afterimage * Colors
Colors
29
The characteristics of light by which the individual is made aware of objects or light sources through the receptors of the eye, described in terms of dominant wavelength, luminance, and purity. * Colors * Entoptic Phenomenon
Colors
30
Sometimes called Chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science * Science of Color * Entoptic Phenomenon
Science of Color
31
When the wavelength is within 390 nm to 700 nm the human eye can perceive it. * Physics of Color * Spectral Colors
Physics of Color
32
Most light sources emit light at many different wavelengths * Physics of Color * Spectral Colors
Physics of Color
33
a color that is evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths * Physics of Color * Spectral Colors
spectral color
34
The ________ depends on both the physics of the object relative to its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain * color of an object * Prurkinje effect
color of an object
35
The ________ depends on both the physics of the object relative to its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain * color of an object * Prurkinje effect
color of an object
36
A viewers perception of color also is dependent on the persons contextual cues. (color constancy) * color of an object * Prurkinje effect
color of an object
37
is a process that allows the brain to recognize a familiar object as being a consistent color regardless of the amount of light reflecting from it at a given moment * Color constancy * Trichromatic theory
Color constancy
38
Achieved through a specialized nerve cells in the primary visual cortex called ____ * double opponent cells * kruithof curve
double opponent cells "primary visual cortex "
39
Retinex Theory * Edwin H. Land * Thomas Young * Ewald Hering
Edwin H. Land
40
Trichromatic Theory
Thomas Young
41
Opponent Theory of Colors * Edwin H. Land * Thomas Young * Ewald Hering
Ewald Hering
42
Opponent Theory of Colors * Edwin H. Land * Thomas Young * Ewald Hering
Ewald Hering
43
he suggest that both the eye and the brain are involve in color constancy * Edwin H. Land * Thomas Young * Ewald Hering
Edwin H. Land (Retinex Theory)
44
The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying sensitivity of photoreceptors in the retina particularly the cones to light of different wavelengths. * Edwin H. Land * Thomas Young * Ewald Hering
Trichromatic Theory (Thomas Young)
45
The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying sensitivity of photoreceptors in the retina particularly the cones to light of different wavelengths. * Retinex Theory * Trichromatic Theory * Opponent theory of colors
Trichromatic Theory
46
The ff. is under: 1. short wavelength cones / blue cones 2. medium wavelength cones / green cones 3. long wavelength cones / red cones * Retinex Theory * Trichromatic Theory * Opponent theory of colors
Trichromatic theory (Thomas Young)
47
most sensitive with wavelengths around 570nm * short wavelength * medium wavelength * long wavelength
long wavelength
48
most sensitive with wavelengths around 450nm * short wavelength * medium wavelength * long wavelength
short wavelength
49
* short wavelength * most sensitive with wavelengths around 540nm * short wavelength * medium wavelength * long wavelength
medium wavelength
50
* short wavelength * most sensitive with wavelengths around 450nm * blue cones * red cones * green cones
blue cones
51
most sensitive with wavelengths around 540nm * short wavelength * most sensitive with wavelengths around 540nm * blue cones * red cones * green cones
green cones
52
* short wavelength * most sensitive with wavelengths around 570nm * blue cones * red cones * green cones
red cones
53
In dim light, the ____ are understimulated leaving only the signal from the rods, resulting in a colorless response. * rods * cones
cones "In dim light, colorless response"
53
These effects are combined and summarized in the _______, that describes the change of color perception, and pleasantness of light as function of temperature and intensity. * Kruithof curve * Purkinje effect
Kruithof curve "pleasantness of light"
54
The _______ describes a region of luminance levels and color temperatures that are often viewed as comfortable or pleasing to an observer * Kruithof curve * Purkinje effect
Kruithof curve "levels and color temperatures"
55
The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions: --> colors are warm and colorful * lower region * middle region * upper region
upper region
55
The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions: --> colors are warm and colorful * lower region * middle region * upper region
upper region
56
The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions: --> considered pleasing * lower region * middle region * upper region
middle region
57
The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions: --> colors that are considered cold and dim
lower region
58
directly related to human adaptation to changes in illumination * Purkinje effect * Kruithof's findings
Kruithof's findings "changes in illumination"
59
As luminance decreases, the visual system switches from cone-dominated vision to rod dominated * Purkinje effect * Kruithof's findings
Purkinje effect "switches from cone-dominated vision to rod dominated"
60
In general, sources of ___________ are all generally considered to be displeasing at low luminance levels * lower color temperatures * higher color temperatures
higher color temperatures "displeasing at low luminance levels"
61
the ability to distinguish objects based the wavelengths and frequencies of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit * entoptic phenomenon * color vision
Color Vision "distinguish objects based the wavelengths"
62
The ability to discriminate light on the basis of wavelength composition * entoptic phenomenon * color vision
color vision "discriminate light on the basis of wavelength"
63
the ability of the eye to perceive differences in the spectral composition of visible light * entoptic phenomenon * color vision
color vision "visible light"
64
number of rods
120 million
65
Predominantly located at the peripheral retina * rods * cones
rods
66
Can be triggered by individual photon in optimal condition * rods * cones
rods
67
The adaptation process is slower * rods * cones
rods
68
Lesser visual resolution * rods * cones
rods
69
Better motion sensor * rods * cones
rods
70
Rods has a photopigment called ______
rhodopsin
71
RODS Pick of absorption is more on the ________ * shorter wavelength * longer wavelength
shorter wavelength
72
what area of the retina a rod-free area?
fovea
73
Peripheral vision * rods * cones
rods
74
Motion detection * rods * cones
rods
75
Dark-adapted vision (scotopic vision) * rods * cones
rods
76
number of cones
6-7million
77
Predominantly located at the central retinal
cones
78
Less sensitive * rods * cones
cones
79
It adapts faster * rods * cones
cones
80
Better visual resolution * rods * cones
cones
81
Sensitive to colors * rods * cones
cones
82
Pick of absorption is more on longer wavelength * rods * cones
cones
83
Central vision * rods * cones
cones
84
Color vision perception * rods * cones
cones
85
Detection of forms and details * rods * cones
cones
86
Light adapted vision (Photopic Vision) * rods * cones
cones

PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) (16 decks)

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