Mind and Body Flashcards
What is the mind?
“the element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to fell; the faculty of consciousness and thought
What is the body?
“the physical structure, including the bones, flesh and organs of a person or an animal”
Who were the 2 philosophers (+1 religion)?
Buddhism
Descartes (1596-1650)
René Descartes(1596–1650)
Descartes believed inputs
He held thatmindwas distinct frommatter, but could influence matter. How such an interaction could be exerted remains a contentious issue. were passed on by the sensory organs to theepiphysisin the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit.
he mind–body problem is afalse dichotomy; that is, mind is a perfectly ordinary aspect of the brain
Searle (b.1932)
Searle’s view that mental states are inherently biological implies that theperennialmind-body problem—the problem of explaining how it is possible for minds and bodies to interact—is fundamentally misconceived.
Who was the 3rd philosopher?
Ibn Sina
What are the challenges we face?
Nearly half of people with mental illness have atleast 1 longterm physical condition
30% of people with longterm physical health conditions also have a mental illness
15-20 years shorter life expectancy for someone with a severe disability than for those without
8 billion a year is spent by NHS treating the effect of poor mental health on physical illnesses
How many in England have mental health problems?
20% of population approx 10.2 million
What was the programme vision?
Year 1-5: mind and body programme delivery (improve understanding, identification and diagnosis, robust evaluation of what works, learn and development to upskill workforce, develop new and enhance service infrastructure)
Year 5+: short term outputs at programme end (patient/service user contact, staff practice, define outcomes)
Year 20: benefits realisation long term outcomes (reduced mortality gap, morbidity burden with illness, holistic pathways of care, reduced stigma and patients who can care for themselves)
What are the core workstreams?
Workstream 1: Improve identification and diagnosis of mind and body needs (specific questionnaires)
Workstream 2: develop new and enhancing existing service and system infrastructure to fully embed a mind and body approach (e-CBT, LTCS; diabetes, COPD and heart failure, hemaatology, enhance consultation liasion psychiatry, physical health inreach for SMI)
Workstream 3: learn and development to upskill workforce to be aware and practice essential skills confidently across both mind and body (education matrix, interprof training opportunities, staff training methods, staff health and wellbeing)
How do they want to enhance psychiatry liasion?
$249 million new funding over 4 years from 2017-18 to expand liasion mental health in acute general hospitals
By 2020/1 no acute hospital should be without all age mental health liasion services in emergency departments
atleast 50% acute hospitals should be meeting the core 24 service standard as a minimum
How will identification and diagnosis be improved?
IMPARTS
Integrating Mental & Physical healthcare: Research, Training & Services
Initiative funded by King’s Health Partners
The IMPARTS project for physical healthcare settings is designed to support clinical teams at King’s Health Partner’s acute trusts
Currently live in over 50 clinics and close to 44,000 screening contacts
What are the mechanisms through which physical and mental health interact?
social determinants; poverty, social isolation, discrimination, abuse, neglect, trauma, drug dependencies
mental health; impact living with chronic condition, psychiatric side effects of meds, direct effects of hormonal imbalances on mental health, increased risk of dementia among ppl with diabetes/cardiovascular disease
physical health; physical health side effects of psychotropic meds e.g. obesity, direct effects of chronic stress on cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems, direct effects of eating disorders/self harm e.g. electrolyte imbalance, higher rates of unhealthy behaviors e.g. smoking/excessive alcohol use, reduced ability/motivation to manage physical health conditions, less effective help seeking, barriers to accessing physical health care e.g. as consequence of stigma or diagnostic overshadowing
A serious physical illness can affect
- relationships
- work
- spirituality
- how we socialise
people may experience
- loss of control of body and situation
- feel lonely and isolated
(overwhelming and affect day to day functioning)
What are the factors influencing response to illness?
illness perception, coping strategies, individual factors/personality, types of illness (with psych morbidity/increased levels of pain/advanced disease/high levels disability/neurological disorders directly affecting the brain), therapeutic setting
How many people with physical health problems develop psychological problems as a consequence of the stress to their physical problems, and what is it?
1/4
Loss of identity/role
Loss of function
Change of lifestyle/restrictions/disability
Dependency on others
Impaired capacity to maintain relationships
Deterioration in health/threat to life
Impact on body image, self-esteem
