MIMM211 Flashcards
what are the 3 kingdoms of life?
bacteria, archaea and eucarya
true/false: the cell is not the basic structural unit of life and most microorganisms are unicellular.
false. IT IS
who invented the first microscope?
Lucretius
Girolamo Fracastoro
Zacharias Janssen
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
Zacharias Janssen
what did Robert Hooke do
First description of a microorganism
explain Francesco Redi experiment
three flasks:
1- unsealed–> the flies could enter –> bacteria grow
2- sealed—> no bact grow
3- covered with gauze–> bact on top of gauze
He said that larvae can only devlop on meat that fly can reach–> disproved spontaneous generation
what is the difference between John Needham experiment and Lazzaro Spallanzani’s?
John sterilized the broth and then added it to the flask
Lazzaro sterilized the broth while in the flask
why did pasteur had swan neck flasks for his experiment?
because he wanted to see if air without the dust would cause bacterial grow.
what are the four humors of the body?
blood, phlegm (mucus), yellow bile (choler) and black bile (melancholy)
what did the experiment of Joseph Lister proved? (hint: he was influenced by pasteur’s work)
it proved that heat can kill microorganism and that they cause diseases
explain how did Robert Koch demonstrated that a bacterium was causing anthrax
-he injected healthy mice with biological material from diseased animals—> mice became ill
-transfered anthrax through a serie of 20 mices –> all got sick
-an incubated piece of an ill mice produced spores
-when the spores were injected into a healthy mice–> became ill
why does gelatine wasn’t a good environment to study pathogene?
- The optimal growth is at 37° and gelatine melts at that temp
- gelatine is degraded by microorganisms
what did Edward Jenner to be considered the father of immunology?
he immunized people from the smallpox virus by using the cowpox fluid from blisters
what did Emil von Behring discovered
he discovered the humoral immunity, that there are antibodies produced in the blood against infections
who has discovered cellular immunity?
Elie Metchnikoff
Emil von Behring
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Elie Metchnikoff
what is the difference between the traditional early scheme and the Ernest Haeckel’s proposal?
traditional early schemes include plants and animals while the Ernest Haeckel’s scheme includes animals, plants and microorganisms
