ANAT321 Flashcards
Olfactory cranial nerve is sensory/mixed/motor?
sensory
what cranial nerve innervates the parasympathetic organs? is it sensory/motor/mixed?
Vagus nerve, mixed
what nerves are for the eye movement between these?:
- abducens
- oculomotor
- hypoglossal
- trochlear
- trigerminal
abducens, oculomotor and trochlear
what cranial nerve control the face movement and sensation (mixed)?
Trigeminal nerve
Whats the difference between the glossopharyngeal nerve and the hypoglossal nerve ?
the glossopharyngeal controls the 1/3 of the tongue + swallowing and sensations from palate and back (mixed)
the hypoglossal controls the muscles of the tongue (motor)
optic cranial nerve is sensory/motor/mixed?
sensory
trochlear cranial nerve is sensory/motor/mixed?
motor, controls the superior oblique
whats the cranial nerve for hearing and equilibrium?
vestibulocochlear
spinal accessory cranial nerve is sensory/motor/mixed?
motor
explain what is a modality? what is a submodality?
MODALITY is a type of somatic sensation; ex we have hearing, smelling, vision
SUBMODALITY is a category of the sensation, ex for somatic sensation modality we have fine touch, pain, warmth, heat, etc..
what is the name of the pathway for fine touch/proprioception?
dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway
what is the name of the pathway for pain and temperature?
Anterolateral pathway
Aa and AB fibers are the axons for which type of sensation?
for fine touch and proprioception
which sets of fibers have a large diameter and are very myelinated?
Aa & AB fibers
what are the fiber responsible for the anterolateral pathway?
Adelta and C fibers. SHORT axons
What are the Merkel cells specialized for? what is the name of the other cells that do the same job
SA1, they are good to recognize constant pressure. Ruffini endings
The two corpuscule (sensory receptors) are good to detect what? what are their names
Meissner & Pacinian corpuscule and good for detecting vibrations (rapidly adapting)
explain what is combinatorial processing?
is the accumulation of different receptors activations, leading to a perceived perception. (ex: taste of food)
true/false: efferent is the incoming information
false: its the outgoing information
true/false: afferent is the incoming information
true.
what is the cauda equina?
Since the spinal cord is smaller than the vertebral canal: the space remaining is filled with spinal nerves and liquid. The nerves going downwards go through the lumbar cistern.
what is the gray matter made of?
neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and synapses
true/false: the ventral horns of the gray matter are for the motor neurons going out
true.
where is the cell body of the primary neuron of the sensory pathway?
dorsal root ganglion
for the sympathetic outcome, what does the pre-gangl neuron release? What does the post-gangl neuron release onto the tissue/organ?
pre-gangl neuron release Ach
post-gangl neuron release Norepinephrine
which (parasympa or sympa) has their ganglion very near the target?
parasympathetic
What is the dermatome?
the dermatome is the organization of the spinal nerves in the body
true/false: fine touch pathway changes sides in the spinal cord
false, it stays ipsilateral until brainstem
what is the central horn in the spinal cord needed for?
for reflexes
are spinal reflexes voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary, protection movements
true or false about the somatopical organization for the left side of the body:
fine touch: arm on the left and leg on the right part of the dorsal column
pain/temp: leg on the right and arm on the left part of the anterolateral column.
false: on the anterolateral column leg is on the left and arm is on the right (INVERSE OF DORSAL SINCE CONTRALATERAL)
what is a fiber tract? where is it?
its a bundle of axons that is in the central nervous system
why in the cross section in the caudal medulla the dorsal column is called fasciculus?
fasciculus bcs it is only axons that are present
why in the cross section right before the 4th ventricle in the medulla the dorsal column is called nucleus?
bcs its where the synapse happen and so no more axons, but now we have a bundle of cell bodies now
If a single neuron receive input from many other neurons, what is this called?
convergence
