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Ecriture Et Litterature > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

which vasculature carry blood away from the heart? which carry blood back to the heart?

A

arteries=away
veins=back to

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2
Q

what are the 5 factors that regulate the process of diffusion?

A

1- distance
2-the solvent characteristics
3-the molecule’s characteristics
4-the temperature
5-the barrier

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3
Q

true/false: a heavy molecule diffuse more easily than a. less heavy one

A

false, the heavier the molecule the harder it diffuses

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4
Q

Do insects have blood? if not, whats their fluid called?

A

no blood. hemolymph

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5
Q

what are the differences between our circulation and insects’?

A

-they dont transport oxygen (bcs no Hb)
-open circulation
-no blood
-their heart is made up of chambers

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6
Q

true/false: fish have a single heart and not a double like us and it contains only deoxygenated blood

A

true

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7
Q

what are the differences between our circulation and the reptilians’?

A

-they have 3 chambers (2 atria and 1 ventricle)
-their heart contains mixed blood

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8
Q

true/false: the crocodile have only 1 aorta like us

A

false, they have two

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9
Q

how can the crocodile go into water without breathing?

A

The valve in the pulmonary aorta (right, deoxygenated) closes and so the deoxygenated blood passes through the left aorta (systemic)

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10
Q

which one is the most compliant? Veins or Arteries? What does it means?

A

veins are more compliant as they change size according to the volume of blood

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11
Q

which one is the most resistant veins or arteries? and what does it means?

A

arteries are more resistant since when blood volume increase; their R increases too

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12
Q

HR x SV = ?

A

CO (cardiac output)

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13
Q

true/false: both arteries and veins have inner valves

A

false, only veins have them

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14
Q

How can the flow stay the same in arteries and in capillaries?

A

in arteries the crossectional area is low but the velocity is high. in capillaries the crossectional area is high and the velocity is low (better exchange)

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15
Q

true/false: the Pressure is higher in the capillaries than in the arteries

A

false, higher in arteries (lower crossectional area, higher velocity)

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16
Q

pressure diastole > pressure systole

A

false, systole>diastole

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17
Q

why do we assume perfusion P= arterial P?

A

because arterial pressure&raquo_space; veinous pressure

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18
Q

what does perfusion pressure represent?

A

the difference between P in and P out

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19
Q

If a vessel with a length of 4 cm have a R=3 and flow=1. What is the R and the flow of a same type of vessel that have a length of 8 cm?

A

Rx2 so R=6. Flow/2 so flow=0.5

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20
Q

1/R=1/R1 + 1/R2 is from which type: series or parallel?

A

parallel

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21
Q

what are the two mechanisms that help to maintain the flow of blood with gravity?

A

1- valves
2- muscles contractions

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22
Q

the tricuspid valve is situed between the ______ _______ and the ______ ventricle

A

between the right atrium and the right ventricle

22
Q

the bicuspid (mitral) valve is between the _______ _______ and the ______ ventricle

A

between the right atria and the right ventricle

23
Q

Who am I? I am a chamber of the heart with thick muscular wall because of the high pressure of systemic circ

A

the left ventricle

23
Q

what is the job of the two coronary veins?

A

they empty the deoxygenated blood into the right atria

23
Q

which layer of the heart doesnt contract and which one is the muscle?
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium
pericardium

A

the pericardium doesnt contract and the myocardium is made out of muscles

23
Q

which node gets activated first?
sinoatrial or atrioventricular

A

sinoatrial

24
Q

if no AV node, what happens to the signal?

A

it only propagate to the atria and not to the ventricles

25
Q

Why is the propagation of the signal left to right?

A

because the right bundle of His is isolated from the septum

26
Q

what does interstitial current and cytoplasmic current means?

A

interstitial is the outside of the cell movement of Na and cytoplasmic is the inside of the cell movement of K.

27
Q

the purkinje fibers can fire an impulse of their own?

A

yes, if SN doesnt work

28
Q

what wave in the ECG represent the atrial contraction, when the sinus node fire?

A

the p-wave

29
Q

the P-R segment starts from what and end with what?

A

start with the end of P and end with the start of Q

30
Q

Start of P until the beginning of Q, who am i?

A

P-R interval

31
Q

what is the equation to determine wheter the deflection is + or -?

A

ext of + (left) - ext of - (right)

32
Q

when a cell is depolarized, that means the exterior is ___?

A

negative

33
Q

why is the Q wave a negative deflection?

A

because it represent the depolarization of the septum and it is done from left to right in contrast to the right to left of the atria

34
Q

how are the pacemaker cell characterized in a graph of their membrane potentials?

A

they dont have a resting potential

35
Q

what does S-T segment represent?

A

it represent the time between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles

36
Q

when the rythm is slow the person have ______

A

bradychardia

37
Q

Calcium binds to what in the muscles?

A

troponine

38
Q

what happens during 1/3 of the cardiac cycle?

A

the ventricle contracts

39
Q

what are the two phases of the systole?

A

isovolumetric ventricular contract and ventricular ejection

40
Q

explain the diastole?

A

isovolumetric relaxation: ventricles stop contracting and pressure drop below the P of aorta (valves close). Atria has been filling
ventricular filling: P in ventricle is lower than the P in atria so the mitral and tricuspid valves open to fill up the ventricle

41
Q

what happens when arterial pressure drops?

A

the arterioles dilate to restore blood flow

42
Q

where are the ganglion of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic pathway ?

A

para= cardiac fat pads
sympa= near the spinal cord

43
Q

where are situed the baroreceptors?

A

in the carotid arteries

44
Q

what effect has the low baroreceptor firing (they fire a lot when the BP is high)?

A

it increase HR,SV and TPR

45
Q

what effect has chemoreceptors

A

they increase HR

46
Q

MAP = ?

A

= SV x HR x TPR

47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A

Ecriture Et Litterature (8 decks)

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