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A Level Psychology: C2 (Eduqas) > Milgram > Flashcards

Milgram Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was Milgram’s study not an experiment?

A

The level of shocks was not an independent variable

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2
Q

How were participants selected?

A

Volenteer sampling after an advert was put in a New Haven newspaper maying $4.50 for participation in a learning and memory study

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3
Q

What sampling technique was used?

A

Volenteer sampling

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4
Q

How many were participants paid?

A

$4.50

Money didn’t depend on them completing the study

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5
Q

What newspaper was the advert posted in?

A

New Haven

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6
Q

How many participants were there?

A

20 male participants between the ages of 20 and 50 from a range of backgrounds

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7
Q

What was the age range of the participants?

A

20-50

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8
Q

Where did the study take place?

A

Yale University

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9
Q

What was the procedure?

A

Paired with learner (Mr Wallace)
Learner strapped to an electric chair
Participant taken to ajoining room and given sample shock
Every time learner was wrong, voltage was increased

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10
Q

How was the learner and teacher decided?

A

Draw slips of paper

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11
Q

Who was Mr Wallace?

A

The learner

An actor who was Milgram’s assistant

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12
Q

Where was the shock generator compared to the electric chair?

A

An ajoining room

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13
Q

How many switches were on the shock machine?

A

30

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14
Q

How often were shocks given?

A

Every 4 switches

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15
Q

What was the worst label on the switches?

A

XXX (fatal)

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16
Q

Why was the teacher given a sample shock?

A

To prove the machine was real

17
Q

When was the teacher to administer a shock?

A

Every time the learner got a wrong awnser

18
Q

What feedback did the experimenter give?

A

4 standard prompts eg:
Please continue
The experiment requires you continue

19
Q

What is an example of a standard prompt?

A

The experiment requires you continue

20
Q

How were the participants de-hoaxed?

A

After the study they were reunited with Mr Wallace and debreifed before being interviewed about their experiance

21
Q

At what voltage did Mr Wallace protest?

A

300volts

22
Q

How many psychology students did Milgram survey before the study?

A

14

23
Q

What did the psychology students predict about the participants?

A

0-3% would administer 450 volts

24
Q

How many participants administerd 450 volts?

A

65%

25
Q

How many participants refused to continue after 300 volts?

A

12.5%

26
Q

What are examples of the nervousness participants showed?

A

Biting nails
Stuttering
Sweating

27
Q

How many participants displayed nervous laughter?

A

14

28
Q

How many participants had siezures?

A

1

29
Q

What did Milgram conclude?

A

Situational factors make it difficult to disobey

30
Q

What situational factors did Milgram identify that made it difficult to disobey?

A

Prestigious location provided authority
Participants volenteered so felt obligated
They assumed the experimenter was an expert
Learner was in a seperate room

31
Q

What points can be made when evaluating the study?

A

Internal validity

Ethical issues

32
Q

Why is internal validity an issue with the study?

A

Orne and Holland: Participants may not have thought they were giving real electric shocks but behaved as such due to demand characteristics
Perry: Participants were suspicious as the experimenter remained so calm

33
Q

Who commented on the internal validity of the study?

A

Orne and Holland

Perry

34
Q

What did Orne and Holland say about the internal validity of the study?

A

Participants may not have thought they were giving real electric shocks but behaved as such due to demand characteristics

35
Q

How was psychological harm an issue:

A

Baumrind: He caused psychological damage that could not be justifyed
Perry: He failed in his duty of care as some participants waited a year before their debreifing

36
Q

How does Milgram defend himself about psychological harm?

A

Didn’t know it would be so stressful

84% were glad to have taken part

A Level Psychology: C2 (Eduqas) (5 decks)

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