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A Level Psychology: C2 (Eduqas) > Kohlberg > Flashcards

Kohlberg Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the methodology?

A 
Interviews used to collect qualitive data
Cross-cultural longitudinal study
75 participants 
10-16 and 22-28
UK, Canada, Turkey, Mexico, Taiwan
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2
Q

What research method was used?

A

Interviews

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3
Q

How many participants were there?

A

75

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4
Q

What were the age ranges of the participants?

A

10-16 and 22-28

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5
Q

What countries did the participants come from?

A

UK, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico, Turkey

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6
Q

What was the procedure?

A 
9 moral dilemmas
Participants discussed 3
Prompted by a set of 10 open ended questions
Awnsers analysed and themes identifyed
Re-interviewed every 3 years
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7
Q

How often were the participants interviewed?

A

Every 3 years

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8
Q

What were the findings of the study?

A

Stage theory
Younger children at the preconventional level
As they got older, they were less focused on themselves
Development in Mexico and Taiwan was slower

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9
Q

What stage did Kohlberg think young children were at?

A

Preconventional level

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10
Q

What were the conclusions?

A

Stages are universal and people go through them in the same order.
Each stage is higher moral understanding
Moral discussion develops moral thinking

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11
Q

What are the levels of moral development?

A

Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional

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12
Q

What is the preconventional level?

A

We accept the rules of authority figures and judge actions based on their concequences such as reward and punishment

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13
Q

What are the stages of the preconventional level?

A

Punishment and obedience orientation

Instumental purpose orientation

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14
Q

What is the punishment and obedience orientation?

A

Ignores the intentions of behaviour and focuses on obeying the rules due to punishment

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15
Q

What is the instumental purpose orientation?

A

Actions are right if they satisfy their own needs

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16
Q

What is the conventional level?

A

Conformity to social rules is desirable due to self interest

17
Q

What are the stages at the conventional level?

A

Interpersonal cooperation

Social-order-maintaining orientation

18
Q

What is interpersonal cooperation?

A

What is right is defined by what is expected

19
Q

What is the Social-order-maintaining orientation?

A

What is right is established by the norms of the larger social system

20
Q

What is the post-conventional level?

A

Morality is an abstract moral concept that applies to all societies and situations

21
Q

What are the stages of the post-conventional level?

A

Social contract orientation

Universal ethical principles orientation

22
Q

What is the social contract orientation?

A

Laws are seen as flexiable and can be changed if they are not consistant with human rights

23
Q

What is the Universal ethical principles orientation?

A

Morality is self-chosen abstract principles that don’t always line up with laws

24
Q

What evaluative points can be made?

A 
Sampling
External validity
Social desirability
Culutral bias
Reliability
25
Q

Why is the sampling method used a negative thing?

A

All participants weree male
Gillian: Women more concerned with caring rather than justice
He was gender biased as decisions were more to do with justice
Core principles unchallenged

26
Q

Who criticised his sampling?

A

Gillian

27
Q

Why is external validity low?

A

Gillian: Not based on real life situations

Hypothetical situations make little sense to young children

28
Q

How could social desirability bias have had an effect?

A

People may describe behaviour idealistically
Those with better idealistic thinking showed more moral behaviour
15% of college students cheated on a test compared to 70% of pre-conventional children
Burton: Depends on liklihood of punishment

29
Q

What percentage of college students and pre-conventional students cheated on a test?

A

College students: 15%

Pre-conventional students: 70%

30
Q

What did Burton argue about behaviour according to moral principles?

A

Behaviour depends on liklihood of punishment

31
Q

How did Kohlberg avoid cultural bias?

A

He changed the questions to be more relevant to the culture

32
Q

What was Colby’s study?

A

58 American boys progressed as expected but only 10% reached stage 5 and none reached stage 6

33
Q

What was Snarey’s study?

A

Meta analysis of 44 studies from 27 cultures and found 1-4 were correct stages.
Stage 5 was more common in Western cultures

A Level Psychology: C2 (Eduqas) (5 decks)

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