milgram

Question 1

what does Milgram measure

Answer 1

obedience

Question 2

what are the aims of milgram

Answer 2

wanted to see if general population would obey a stranger and inflict harm on a stranger just because they were told me

Question 3

how many psychologists did Milgram interview before and what did they predict

Answer 3

14
said that less than 1% of the population would be willing

Question 4

who were the volunteers

Answer 4

40 aged 20-50

Question 5

what was the percentage of people exceeded the max

Answer 5

65%

Question 6

benefit of it being all males

Answer 6

Milgram wanted to investigate the Nuremburg trails (why Nazis did what they did to Jews) and wanted to see if people actually would conformed

Question 6

what did 14 participants start doing as they were uncomfortable

Answer 6

laughing nervously
sweating
stuttering
self-harm (biting or digging finger nails)

Question 7

what was causing further pressure

Answer 7

had an authorative figure pressuring them saying things like it is essential to continue

Question 8

findings

Answer 8

All participants went up to 300V and 65% went up to 450V. No
participants stopped below 300V, whilst only 12.5% stopped at 300V

Question 9

factors that can affect levels of obedience (situational)

Answer 9

location
proximity
uniform

Question 10

location

Answer 10

when experiment was moved to a set of run down offices when original at yale uni obedience level dropped 47.5%

Question 11

uniform

Answer 11

in the original experiment the experimenter was wearing a grey lab coat
when role taken over by an ‘ordinary member of the public’ (confederate) in normal clothes obedience level dropped by 20%

Question 12

proximity

Answer 12

easier to resist orders from an authoritative figure if they’re not close by
when e instructed through a telephone from another room obedience level dropped by 40%- many people also cheated by missing out shocks or giving lower shocks

Question 13

buffer meaning and results

Answer 13

protects people from having to confront the consequence if their actions
when pp could instruct someone to do the electric shocks 92.5% of pp shocked up to 450V
the pp was buffered (protected) from seeing the victim

Question 14

evaluation- strengths (3)

Answer 14

Highly replicable – The procedure has been repeated all over the world, where consistent and similar obedience levels have been found
shed a light on the humans unconcious and automatic natire of obedience- shows how easily people engange in harmful behaviours under the influence of an authoriative figure
participants were thoroughly and carefully
debriefed on the real aims of the study, in an attempt to deal with
the ethical breach of the guideline of protection from deception and
the possibility to give informed consent.

Question 15

evaluation- weakness

Answer 15

There was deception and so informed consent could not be
obtained.
bias sample- all male- unrepresentative so we cant generalise findings

Question 16

type of study

Answer 16

structured observation
conducted covertly

Question 17

situational variable meaning

Answer 17

factors in the environment that could affect participants’ performance- set of circumstances

Question 18

obedience meaning

Answer 18

when an individual acts in response to a direct order from another individual, who is usually an authority figure

Question 19

example of a verbal prompt the experimenter gave during orginal

Answer 19

'’the experiment requires you to continue’’

Question 20

real life application of acting in an agentic state

Answer 20

wars:
people act in an agentic state and kill innocent people because people of a higher power have told them to