milestone Flashcards
What is a protein?
made of amino acid
H+ combined with OH- to form _____
What does it mean for a substance to be organic?
has carbon
What is a macromolecule?
protein, nucleic acid
made of large particles
What is a monosaccharide?
simple sugars
glucose, fructose
What is a Disaccharide?
two sugar molecules
sucrose, lactose
What is a polysaccharide?
starch
What is the indicator for monosaccharides?
benedict’s
What is the indicator for polysaccharides?
iodine
What is the indicator for proteins?
biuret
What goes in and out of glycolysis?
glucose–> Pyruvate acid, ATP
Where does the light dependent reaction occur?
thylakoid
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?
anaerobic
What goes in and out of the krebs cycle?
pyruvic acid–> CO2 + many electrons
Where does the krebs cycle take place?
mitochondria
What goes in and out of the electron transport chain?
electron+ADP–> 32 ATP
What is special about the electron transport chain?
makes the most ATP
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
mitochondria
Is the electron transport chain anaerobic or aerobic?
aerobic
What is cohesion?
water sticking to itself
What is adhesion?
water sticking to other things
Where does the calvin cycle take place?
stroma
What does the CO2 combine with?
H+
What does the CO2 and H+ create?
glucose
What is the law of segregation?
Each parent gives only half of the chromosomes
What is the law of independent assortment?
Alleles are chosen at random
What is the first step of DNA replication?
unzipping (enzymes break hydrogen bonds between base pairs)
What are the three enzymes that unzip the DNA?
polymerase, helicase, and i think something that starts with an L
What is the second step of DNA replication?
free-floating nucleotides attach base pairs to single-stranded DNA
What is the third step of DNA replication?
two identical copies of the original DNA are created half new half old
What are the four main differences between DNA and RNA?
- nucleotides
- sugar
- # of strands
- location
Does RNA or DNA store instructions to make protein?
DNA
Where are proteins created?
ribosomes
What does mRNA do?
sends messages for what proteins should be created
What does rRNA do?
forms ribosomes
What does tRNA do?
transports amino acid to making protein
What is transcription?
What is the first step of transcription?
Enzyme unzips the DNA’s hydrogen bonds between base pairs
What is the second step of transcription?
free-floating RNA nucleotides attach to complimentary DNA nucleotide by polymerase
What is the third step of transcription?
mRNA is created
What is the fourth step in transcription?
mRNA detaches from the DNA and goes to the ribosomes
What is a frameshift mutation?
An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.
What phase do they take a picture of for a karyotype?
metaphase
What is natural selection and what elements is it made up of?
reproduction, heredity, variation in fitness or organisms, variation in individual characters
What is stabilizing selection?
one thingy was chosen so it goes zoooom up
What is adaptive radiation?
when organisms rapidly evolve from their ancestor
What are the five aspects of evolution?
small population, non-random matching, mutation, gene flow, natural selection
