Milan

Question 1

Analogical Message

Answer 1

A metaphorical or symbolic message (process)

Question 2

Circular Questioning

Answer 2

The therapist asks one family member to comment on the interactions of two other family members to create circularity within the system and help the therapist build a more elaborate hypothesis and have family step outside their personal experience Ex. Who do you think is closest to mom?

Question 3

Counterparadox

Answer 3

An intervention used to unravel a family’s double-bind message by referring to their dysfunction as legitimate and necessary and as so instructing the family not to change.

Question 4

Primary Contributors

Answer 4

Mara Selvini Palazzoli
Guiliana Prata
Luigi Boscolo
Gianfranco Cecchin

Question 5

Digital Message

Answer 5

The content of the message (objective)

Question 6

Epistemological Error

Answer 6

A set of beliefs that are incongruent with reality and become problematic, Ex. not believing that one is responsible for his or her own behaviors.

Question 7

Epistemology

Answer 7

The manner in which individuals (families) make sense of the world, including their relationships to and with others

Question 8

Games

Answer 8

Unacknowledged strategies that result in destructive interactions within families- often games are unspoken and used as attempts to control another’s behavior

Question 9

Hypothesizing

Answer 9

Continual process of conceptualizing the nature of the family’s behavior that guide questioning and interventions

Question 10

Metacommunication

Answer 10

communication about communication

Question 11

A Learning Process

Answer 11

Milan Therapists viewed the use of interventions as nothing more than a learning process in which the therapists tests hypotheses and interventions through trial and error as they learn about the family.

Question 12

Neutrality and Irrevernce

Answer 12

The therapist’s stance of being open to multiple hypotheses regarding the family’s behavior.

Question 13

Paradoxical Prescription

Answer 13

Either prescribing the symptom or asking the family not to change

Question 14

Positive Connotation

Answer 14

The hallmark of the early Milan Systemic School. Positive connotations illuminates upon circularity by assigning a positive motive or value to each family member’s behavior- whether it be a desirable or undesirable behavior.

Question 15

Punctuation (different than structural)

Answer 15

The manner in which individuals attribute their behaviors as a result of another’s behavior. Ex. I only nag you because you never offer to help

Question 16

Rituals

Answer 16

An intervention presented by a therapy team that is described in great detail, instructing various individuals within the family to carry out specific behaviors and specific times of the day for a distinct period of time. They serve to provide consistency and clarity as to the hypothesized problem within the family.

Question 17

Team approach

Answer 17

A team of therapists that strategically hypothesize and plan interventions regarding each particular family. Often, team members will watch therapy as it unfolds behind a one-way mirror as 1 or 2 therapists work directly with the family.

Question 18

The Dirty game

Answer 18

When parents struggle for control, they triangulate a symptomatic child who then works to defeat the parents.

Question 19

Invariate Perspective

Answer 19

Typically during the 3rd session, the therapist will instruct the mother and father to tell their family that they have a “secret” and to then take a trip together away from the family for a few days. They are cautioned not to tell the family anything more than they mere fact that they have a secret prior to leaving.

Question 20

Time

Answer 20

suggesting that a family’s historical perception of a problem influences their current perspective on the problem, affecting their view of the past and present behavior. Ex. If i perceive my mother as cold, I will only recall times in the past where my mother was cold and ignore current instances of my mother demonstrating warmth and compassion.

Question 21

Milan differences vs. MRI and strategic

Answer 21

-each session had 5 tasks
-only 10 sessions but each held one month apart
-always team approach with 1 way mirror
-emphasized epistemology as informing rules to keep families stuck
-two primary interventions - positive connotation and ritual

Question 22

Later Milan Group

Answer 22

Palazzo and Prata
- dirty game and invariant prescription

Boscolo and Cecchin
-Circular questions (dropped paradox)

Question 23

Stage 1 of Dirty Game

Answer 23

Marital Impasse: Relationship distress between parents

Question 24

Stage 2 of Dirty Game

Answer 24

Child aligns with one of the parents,

Question 25

Stage 3 of Dirty Game

Answer 25

child tries to make the other parent look good (Ex. picking mom and wanting her to put them to bed)

Question 26

Stage 4 of Dirty Game

Answer 26

Spouse aligns with other parent after problematic behavior from child

Question 27

Stage 5 of Dirty Game

Answer 27

Extension of maladaptive behavior because child does not feel understood (ex. problems at home now at school)

Question 28

Stage 6 of Dirty Game

Answer 28

Parents adapt to maladaptive behavior (ex. Child is now the identified patient)

Question 29

Goal of Milan

Answer 29

Help people recognize their influence on the family

Question 30

5 Parts of therapy

Answer 30

1. Pre-session Team discussion
2. Interview with the Family
3. Discussion of interview amongst the team
4. Assign task at end of session
5. Come up with plan for next session