Migration Within A Country Flashcards
What is urbanisation
- urbanisation is the rural to urban migration also caused by a naturally increasing population
What are the push factors from the rural areas for urbanisation
- Desertification of land farmers can’t grow their crop
- farmers in debt as their crops are failing for the loans they take out
- conflict or civil war
- natural disasters
- changes in land use eg flooding a farm to build a dam
- mechanisation of farmland leaves fewer jobs
- bad living conditions, education and healthcare
What are the pull factors to the urban areas for urbanisation
- more money through jobs to pay back loans
- no risk of conflict
- new homes less risk of natural disaster
- fresh farmland that is not likely to change use
- better healthcare, education, living conditions
Impacts on the rural area and urban area in urbanisation
RURAL- services close down
-ageing population
-farmers become very secluded
-mechanisation means that rural areas become polluted by machinery
URBAN- cost of housing increases as there is less housing available
- unemployment grows
- over crowded living conditions
- air pollution increases, noise pollution increases
What is suburbanisation
Suburbanisation is the movement of people from the city centres to the outskirts
What are the push factors from the city centre in suburbanisation
- poor housing quality
- slum clearance government demolishing old housing
- deindustrialisation of city centres people lose their jobs in manufacturing
- unemployment leads to less money spent in local stores causing them to close
What are the pull factors to the outskirts eg inner suburbs in suburbanisation
Easier to build houses due to more relaxed planning laws
- better more spacious homes
- new council estate
- new manufacturing companies set up on outskirts where land is cheaper
- more local services available for people living on the outskirts
What are the impacts of suburbanisation on the city centre and the suburbs
CITY CENTRE- becomes run down
- increase in poverty
- segregation of immigrants as wealthy leave to the suburbs
- becomes polluted by increasing car use of people commuting to work
SUBURBS- housing affects the wildlife
- more concrete means there is an increase risk of flooding
- more cars pollution
What is counter urbanisation
- people moving out of the cities completely and moving to the rural areas
What are the push factors from the cities in counter urbanisation
- too much noise pollution
- problems with congestion and parking
- suburban house price increase after suburbanisation
- perception of high crime rates and run down infrastructure
What are the pull factors to the rural areas in counter-urbanisation
- very little noise or air pollution
- very spacious
- cheaper housing in the rural areas
- increase in car ownership and rail services means people can live further from work
What are the impacts on the rural areas
- better business for services eg pubs and restaurants
- houses are improved
- keeps schools open
- rural roads struggle with traffic
- house prices start to increase
What is re-urbanisation
- movement of people back to the city centres
What are the push factors from the rural areas in re-urbanisation
- lack of jobs
- fewer leisure and entertainment facilities
- high house prices in rural areas
- lack of universities
- lack of night club leisure
What are the pull factors to the city centre in re-urbanisation
- government rejuvenate brownfield sites
- more and new opportunity for leisure
- cheaper housing
- ## students move to be closer to education
