migration; c790-2024 Flashcards
why did the vikings invade england?
for land and opportunities
what was britain split into?
wessex and danelaw
what was aethelreld’s 2 problems?
young and inexperienced
vikings tried to take over
what did aethelred offer to get rid of the vikings?
the danegeld
when did cnut become king?
1014
who did cnut share the kingdom with?
edmund
who married cnut?
ema of normandy
when did king edward die?
1066
who were the three claimants of the throne?
william duke of normandy
harold godwinson
harald hardrada
what happened after the battle of hastings?
william duke of normandy was crowned king of england
what did remain england a territory of?
the norman empire
who did henry ii marry?
eleanor of aquitaine
what did john softsword do?
he lost all the territory except gascony
what was the angevin empire?
henry and his brothers referred to the ‘angevins’ and they had an empire
what king started the hundred years war?
edward iii
when did edward iii regain control of the french territories lost by john?
1337 and 1360
when did france regain the territories that edward iii got?
1370 to 1415
who led english troops in agincourt in 1415?
henry v to gain control of france again
what happened by 1453?
the english had lost all territory in france except calais?
what came out of the hundred years warr for the british?
a birth of identity
what was the focus during the tudor and stuart period?
to build ‘the new world’ for britain’s empire
what did monarchs use to make money?
privateers
what did privateers do?
raid other countries ships
what happened to the focus on privateers when britain became established in the west indies?
it shifted from the privateers to plantations
what 2 main reasons did people leave britain for america?
religious + economic
where were the first two successful colonies?
virginia and massachusetts
what did the settlers do to indigenous americans?
push them off their land and treat them badly
what did the settlers in america want?
independence as they felt less and less british
what did the american war of independance lead to?
britain losing america as a colony
increased importance of india, canada and australia
who in france faced religious persecuriton?
hugenots (protestants)
what did the hugenots do to escape persecution?
move to england
how did the hugenots contribute to british life?
they contributed greatly to industry and trade
what year did james i create the ulster plantations?
1610
what was the goal of the ulster plantations?
to take control of the catholic irish
what happened during the reign of george i?
the highland people of scotland were pushed off their land to make way for sheep farming
what did the highland people of scotland do in response to being pushed off their land?
migrated within scotland and countries within the british empire
what was india for england?
an important base for british trading
what did robert clive do in india? (+ year)
led troops at the batte of plassey in 1757
what did warren hastings take the role of? (+years)
first governor general of india (1773-85)
what company dominated british trade in india?
east india company eic
how did the eic take indian land?
by using a private army and navy
what did indians think about british rule around 1850?
discontentment
what did the indian mutiny of 1857 lead to?
the british government fully taking over india
in the late 1870s what did several european nations start doing in africa?
claiming land
what is the name for the british takeover of african land (eg sudan, nigeria and kenya)
the scramble for africa
who is britiain’s most well known empire builder? (+birth year)
cecil rhodes (1853)
how was empire enthusiasm kept high?
imperial propaganda
what did large numbers of jewish and irish people do in the 1700s?
migrate to britain
why did these irish and jewish people come?
to escape extreme poverty or persecution
what was common practice to happen to criminals in the 1700s and 1800s?
transport them to british colonies (eg. australia)
what did large numbers of people do between 1815 and 1914?
emigration from britain to places like south africa, canada and australia
between 1750 and 1900 what rapidly increased in britain?
internal migration
by 1914 what did several of britain’s colonies start doing?
running their own affairs
by the end of world war 2, what were many more british colonies demanding?
independence including india
what did india and kenya have to do to become independant?
long and bitter campaigns
who came to britain in 1945?
large numbers of immigrants from war-torn europe and parts of the british empire for work
in the 1960s and 1970s what groups of people came to britain from africa?
kenyan and ugandan asians
what are former members of the british empire now called?
the commonwealth of nations
in june 1948 what boat brought the first of many migrants from the west indies to the uk?
the empire windrush
what is the generation that came from the west indies in june 1948 called?
the windrush generation
what did britain do in 1948 against argentina?
fight a war in the falkland islands
what has britain’s involvement in the eu done?
divided opinions
a strong unified group of countries formed what group?
the EU
what is a perk of being an eu citizen?
eu citizens can work in any eu member state on the same conditions as that state
what do people think about migration to britain?
divided
