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history > conflict and tension; 1894-1918 > Flashcards

conflict and tension; 1894-1918 Flashcards

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1
Q

who was in the triple alliance?

A

germany, austria hungary and italy

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2
Q

who was in the triple entente?

A

britain, france and russia

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3
Q

who had the largest army?

A

germany

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4
Q

who had the largest navy?

A

britain

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5
Q

what years was the first moroccan crisis?

A

1905-06

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6
Q

what happened in the first moroccan crisis?

A

france wanted control of morocco supported by britain, germany and austria hungary said no

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7
Q

what did the kaiser do in light of the first moroccan crisis?

A

visit tangier in 1905 to pledge support to morocco

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8
Q

when was the algeciras conference?

A

1906

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9
Q

what happened at the algeciras conference?

A

humiliating for germany, all agreed with france but austria hungary

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10
Q

What year was the second Moroccan crisis?

A

1911

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11
Q

What did the second Moroccan crisis cause?

A

Rebellion in fez,
France sends 20,000 troops,
Germany’s raise accuses France of invading,
sends warship

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12
Q

Consequences of the crises:

A

Humiliating for Germany, French control of Morocco

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13
Q

What happened in Turkey in 1908?

A

A rebellion taken advantage of by austria-hungary to take control of Bosnia.

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14
Q

How did the Serbians react to the austrian-h. control of Bosnia?

A

Asked Russia for help
Russia calls to conference
German kaiser unhappy

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15
Q

What made Russia back down in response to the Balkan Crisis?

A

They did not want war
Angering Bosnians

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16
Q

What was the two-power standard?

A

The idea that Britain’s navy had to be at least equal in size to the next two largest navies combined.

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17
Q

What was spendid isolation?

A

The choice to not have any alliances and to stay alone.

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18
Q

What were some challenges to Splendid Isolation?

A

-France and Russia formed an alliance
- The triple alliance formed in Europe
- 1908 onwards, Kaiser Wilhelm II building up Germany’s military and wanted to become a world power

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19
Q

What made Britain end Splendid Isolation?

A

They signed an alliance with Japan, promising to help each other under attack from more than one power.

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20
Q

When was the triple entente formed?

A

1907

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21
Q

What was the weltpolitik?

A

One of the aims of Kaiser WIlhelm II:
- Germany should be a global power
- Want for an empire that would rival Britain and France
- 1800s, Germany conquering nations in Africa

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22
Q

What was another aim (except from the Weltpolitik) made by Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

Kaiser wanted a large navy
- Huge sums of money were spent

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23
Q

By 1914, how much money was spent by the six major powers on increasing armies and navies?

A

£400 million

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24
Q

What did the powerful countries do ( not Britain ) to do with the army?

A

Introduced conscription

25
Q

How did the Kaiser begin the naval race?

A

By passing a series of Naval Laws

26
Q

What did Britain do in response to the naval laws?

A

Create the dreadnought

27
Q

What did Germany do in response to the dreadnought?

A

Create their own version

28
Q

What did Britain do in response to Germany’s response to the Dreadnought?

A

Create the super-dreadnought

29
Q

What was the aim of the black hand?

A

To unite all the Serb areas in the Balkans into one country.

30
Q

What happened in 1908 that went against the aims of the black hand?

A

Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia

31
Q

What was the unsuccessful response by the Black Hand?

A

An attempt to assassinate emperor of Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph

32
Q

What day was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?

A

28th June 1914

33
Q

What caused the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?

A

The plan to visit Sarajevo by Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie

34
Q

When did the Archduke arrive at the train station?

A

9.28 AM

35
Q

What did the first assassin try to do against Franz Ferdinand?

A

Throw a bomb, but it was deflected and exploded underneath the car behind

36
Q

What caused the assassination?

A

A wrong turn when the Archduke cancelled the rest of his visit but planned to visit those effected by the bomb before he left.

37
Q

What Cafe was Archduke Franz Ferdinand shot outside of ?

A

Schiller’s Cafe

38
Q

Who was the assassin who shot Franz Ferdinand?

A

Gavrillo Princip

39
Q

What was the premise of the Schliffen plan?

A

German plan to avoid war on two fronts

40
Q

What was the actual Schliffen plan?

A

Russia would be slow to prepare for war so they could quickly defeat France first.
They could then concentrate on defeating Russia.

41
Q

How did the Schliffen plan change and adapt?

A
  • dependant on Russia’s slow mobilisation
  • dependant on Britain not honouring a 75 year old agreement to protect Belgium
42
Q

What commander changed the Schliffen plan?

A

General von Moltke

43
Q

What did von Moltke do to the Schliffen plan?

A
  • fewer troops
  • no longer advancing through Belgium / the Netherlands
44
Q

How did the Schliffen plan fail?

A
  • Belgium gave significant resistance
  • British honoured their treaty with Belgium
  • German troops were exhausted without supplies (August 1914)
  • Russian army was ready in 10 days only
45
Q

Consequences of the failure of the Schliffen plan?

A

Germany is now engaged in a war on two fronts.

46
Q

What was the race to the sea?

A

Each side of the western front moving north towards the English Channel to try and get behind opponents

47
Q

What was the battle of the Marne?

A

6-10 September 1914
Marne River, France
- German troops weak on supplies
- Caused von Kluck to change direction into the valley of the river Marne
- British and French attacked and forced the Germans to retreat to the river Aisne
- forced Germans to dig trenches
- 500k killed / injured

48
Q

Where was the eastern front located?

A

Ran from Riga in the north to the black sea

48
Q
A
48
Q

How did fighting go on the Eastern Front?

A

Russians made a quick advance into German territory
Eventually slowed down by lack of good equipment and leadership

49
Q

What happened in late August on the Eastern front?

A

Austria- Hungary advanced into Russian territory but fled faced with 500,000 russian troops

49
Q

Results of Austria-Hungary fleeing?

A

100,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers killed
220,000 injured
100,000 captured

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history (13 decks)

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