Migration and Health: An International Perspective

Question 1

List 3 sources of data for migration.

Answer 1

1 - GP registrations.

2 - Population surveys.

3 - National insurance numbers.

Question 2

List the main reasons for immigration to the UK.

For each give the proportion of immigrants living in the UK that migrated for each reason.

Answer 2

1 - Work (50%).

2 - Study (30%).

3 - Accompanying family (10%).

4 - Other (10%).

Question 3

Define forced migration.

Answer 3

The movement of refugees and internally displaced people, as well as people displaced by:

1 - Natural / environmental disasters.

2 - Chemical / nuclear disasters.

3 - Famine.

4 - Development projects.

Question 4

Define mixed migration.

Why does this sometimes occur?

Answer 4

• Flows of people travelling together in an irregular manner over the same routes and using the same means of transport.
• This sometimes occur when people are forced from their homes or are on the move in search of a better life.

Question 5

Define migrant.

Answer 5

Any travelling person (internally or externally).

Question 6

What does IDP stand for?

Answer 6

Internally displaced person.

Question 7

Define asylum seeker.

Answer 7

A person who flees their home country, enters another country and applies for asylum, but has yet to be granted asylum and is therefore living in the country illegally.

Question 8

Define refugee.

Answer 8

A person with an accepted claim for asylum.

Question 9

What does UASC stand for?

Answer 9

Unaccompanied asylum-seeking child.

Question 10

Define trafficking.

Answer 10

The

• Recruitment,
• Transportation,
• Transfer,
• Harbouring or
• Receipt

of persons by means of:

• Threat
• Use of force or other forms of coercion
• Use of abduction
• Use of fraud
• Use of deception
• Use of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability
• Use of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits

to achieve the consent of a person, resulting in control over another person for the purpose of exploitation.

Question 11

Define smuggling.

Answer 11

Illegal transportation of a person to another country by means of another party for payment.

Question 12

What is modern slavery?

List 2 examples of modern slavery.

Answer 12

According to the Modern Slavery Act of 2015:

• Knowingly holding a person in slavery or servitude or knowingly requiring a person to perform forced or compulsory labour.

1 - Trafficking.

2 - Smuggling.

Question 13

List the 4 phases of the refugee experience.

Answer 13

1 - Anticipation.

2 - Adversity.

3 - Survival.

4 - Integration.

Question 14

List 4 problems with the immigration process in the UK.

Answer 14

1 - There is a culture of disbelief.

2 - Age disputes following incorrect assessments expose minors to risk.

3 - Limited access to legal advice for appeals.

4 - Immigration detention can be indefinite with poor access to healthcare and continued uncertainty.

Question 15

What is the average cost of achieving indefinite leave to remain after immigration into the UK?

Answer 15

£20,000.

Question 16

Define destitution.

Answer 16

• Poverty to such an extreme that a person can’t afford the bare essentials.
• This is generally less than £70 per week.

Question 17

What does NRPF stand for?

List 3 examples for when it might it be given.

Answer 17

• No recourse to public funds.
• It might be given to:

1 - A spouse of someone with settled immigration status.

2 - A parent of a child who is a UK national.

3 - Someone who has overstayed their visa.

Question 18

What effect does an NRPF have on healthcare, social care and government benefits?

Answer 18

An NRPF does not restrict healthcare / social care but it does mean that people cannot claim government benefits.

Question 19

What proportion of doctors in the UK gained their qualifications abroad?

Answer 19

37%.

Question 20

Which groups of people in the UK have access to primary care without charge?

Answer 20

Everyone has access to primary care regardless of immigration status without charge.

Question 21

Which groups of people in the UK have access to secondary care without charge?

Which treatments are exceptions to charges for all groups of people?

Answer 21

• Secondary care is free for everyone other than illegal migrants.
• Except where treatment is urgent, in which case it can be provided and charged for afterwards, e.g. A&E and treatment for communicable diseases.

Question 22

List 3 groups of illegal immigrants that are exempt from secondary care charges.

Answer 22

1 - Asylum seekers.

2 - Some destitute refused asylum seekers.

2 - Survivors of violence.

3 - Survivors of trafficking.

Question 23

Why might people with irregular immigration statuses have been deterred from using the NHS in recent years?

Answer 23

Until recently, the Home Office was using NHS directories to access personal information for purposes of locating and deporting those with irregular immigration status.

Question 24

What is an NHS surcharge?

Answer 24

A surcharge of £400 for people living in the UK on a visa of over 6 months for study, work or family visit that allows access to the NHS on the same basis as a resident.