Migration and Health: An International Perspective Flashcards
List 3 sources of data for migration.
1 - GP registrations.
2 - Population surveys.
3 - National insurance numbers.
List the main reasons for immigration to the UK.
For each give the proportion of immigrants living in the UK that migrated for each reason.
1 - Work (50%).
2 - Study (30%).
3 - Accompanying family (10%).
4 - Other (10%).
Define forced migration.
The movement of refugees and internally displaced people, as well as people displaced by:
1 - Natural / environmental disasters.
2 - Chemical / nuclear disasters.
3 - Famine.
4 - Development projects.
Define mixed migration.
Why does this sometimes occur?
- Flows of people travelling together in an irregular manner over the same routes and using the same means of transport.
- This sometimes occur when people are forced from their homes or are on the move in search of a better life.
Define migrant.
Any travelling person (internally or externally).
What does IDP stand for?
Internally displaced person.
Define asylum seeker.
A person who flees their home country, enters another country and applies for asylum, but has yet to be granted asylum and is therefore living in the country illegally.
Define refugee.
A person with an accepted claim for asylum.
What does UASC stand for?
Unaccompanied asylum-seeking child.
Define trafficking.
The
- Recruitment,
- Transportation,
- Transfer,
- Harbouring or
- Receipt
of persons by means of:
- Threat
- Use of force or other forms of coercion
- Use of abduction
- Use of fraud
- Use of deception
- Use of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability
- Use of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits
to achieve the consent of a person, resulting in control over another person for the purpose of exploitation.
Define smuggling.
Illegal transportation of a person to another country by means of another party for payment.
What is modern slavery?
List 2 examples of modern slavery.
According to the Modern Slavery Act of 2015:
- Knowingly holding a person in slavery or servitude or knowingly requiring a person to perform forced or compulsory labour.
1 - Trafficking.
2 - Smuggling.
List the 4 phases of the refugee experience.
1 - Anticipation.
2 - Adversity.
3 - Survival.
4 - Integration.
List 4 problems with the immigration process in the UK.
1 - There is a culture of disbelief.
2 - Age disputes following incorrect assessments expose minors to risk.
3 - Limited access to legal advice for appeals.
4 - Immigration detention can be indefinite with poor access to healthcare and continued uncertainty.
What is the average cost of achieving indefinite leave to remain after immigration into the UK?
£20,000.
Define destitution.
- Poverty to such an extreme that a person can’t afford the bare essentials.
- This is generally less than £70 per week.
What does NRPF stand for?
List 3 examples for when it might it be given.
- No recourse to public funds.
- It might be given to:
1 - A spouse of someone with settled immigration status.
2 - A parent of a child who is a UK national.
3 - Someone who has overstayed their visa.
What effect does an NRPF have on healthcare, social care and government benefits?
An NRPF does not restrict healthcare / social care but it does mean that people cannot claim government benefits.
What proportion of doctors in the UK gained their qualifications abroad?
37%.
Which groups of people in the UK have access to primary care without charge?
Everyone has access to primary care regardless of immigration status without charge.
Which groups of people in the UK have access to secondary care without charge?
Which treatments are exceptions to charges for all groups of people?
- Secondary care is free for everyone other than illegal migrants.
- Except where treatment is urgent, in which case it can be provided and charged for afterwards, e.g. A&E and treatment for communicable diseases.
List 3 groups of illegal immigrants that are exempt from secondary care charges.
1 - Asylum seekers.
2 - Some destitute refused asylum seekers.
2 - Survivors of violence.
3 - Survivors of trafficking.
Why might people with irregular immigration statuses have been deterred from using the NHS in recent years?
Until recently, the Home Office was using NHS directories to access personal information for purposes of locating and deporting those with irregular immigration status.
What is an NHS surcharge?
A surcharge of £400 for people living in the UK on a visa of over 6 months for study, work or family visit that allows access to the NHS on the same basis as a resident.
