Migration and Empire 1830-1939 Chapter 3 Flashcards
How many Scots emigrated to Canada between 1900 and 1939?
Half a million
What trade did Scots emigrants dominate in Canada?
Hudson Bay Company trading in furs, textiles, furniture making, paper, steel, oil, and iron
What evidence is there of Scots emigrants making a huge impact in Canadian economy?
By the end of the century, Scots occupied a third of Canadian business elite despite being only 16% of the population
What did most Scots emigrants go to Canada for?
Agricultural opportunities. Raised cattle and crop using skills learned in Scotland.
What was the biggest impact Scots made on Canada?
Canadian Pacific Railway which connected parts of Canada that used to be cut off from each other
What impact did Scots emigrants make on Politics in Canada?
John MacDonald. Canada’s prime minister who led Canada to independence in 1867
What is an example of a Scot emigrant establishing a school in Canada?
1818 George Ramsey established Dalhousie University
What contribution did Scottish faith make to Canadian culture?
Church of Scotland funded Queens University
What parts of Scottish culture became a part of the culture in Canada?
Highland societies, bagpipe playing, whiskey tasting and ceilidhs
How did Scots emigrants get on with Canadian natives?
met them through Hudson Bay company and developed close relations leading to intermarriage between the groups
What are Metis people?
Generation of people with an immigrant parent and a native parent
What impact did Metis people have on the economy in Canada?
Helped trade flourish as they could communicate with Scots and native tribes
What were Metis people thought of by Scots? What did this impression make them do?
Scots thought of them as inferior or savages and forced them off their land
What happened in Canada in 1885?
Canadians and Metis people stage rebellion against immigrants but their leader was executed
What work did Scots emigrants do in Australia?
Worked in remote settlements to establish farms and towns.
Exported new agricultural techniques that were successful.
What areas were Scots emigrants dominant in in Australia?
Finance, engineering, shipping, coal mining, sugar and manufacturing
Who were James and Alexander Brown? What did they do?
Scots emigrants that set up coal mines in Newcastle and New South Wales which were very successful
What industry was Samuel McWilliams visible in and what did he do?
Wine. He planted new vines in 1877
What industry was Robert MacCracken involved in? What did he achieve?
Brewing industry. His brewery produced 100 000 barrels annually
Who is Andrew Fisher?
Australian prime minister
How did Scots impact on Australian culture?
Scottish societies, burns clubs. Some regions had their own tartan, national songs ‘Waltzing Matilda’ and ‘Advance Australia Fair’ were written by Scots
Who was Catherine Helen Spence and what was her impact on Australian politics?
Born in Melrose Scotland. Political writer, helped advance democracy and women’s rights in Australia
What is an example of a school that had Scottish links and a Scottish foundation in Australia?
Melbourne Academy, also known as ‘Scotch College’
What impact did the Scottish Kirk make on Australian education?
Set up 42 parish schools in New South Wales
How did Scottish emigrants get on with Australian natives?
Came into conflict with Aborigines who were used to moving freely within Australia and didn’t like being told where they could and couldn’t go
What effect did the Hornet Bank Massacre have on the population of Aborigines?
Almost completely wiped them out
Who was Dr David Munro and what did he do?
Introduced the first sheep to New Zealand
What industries did Scottish emigrants get involved in in New Zealand? Who was Thomas Brydone?
Frozen meat and dairy exports. Thomas Brydone founded New Zealand and Australian Land Company
Where did many Scots emigrants settle in New Zealand?
Otago province (capital Dunedin) which was developed by Free Church of Scotland as Presbyterian colony
What did New Zealand rugby teams do to show pride in Scottish roots?
Rugby team named Highlanders which was homage to Scottish roots
What was set up in 1871 in New Zealand?
First school for girls
What parts of New Zealand culture was inspired by Scottish roots?
Caledonian societies, clubs and pipebands. Common Scottish surnames ‘Campbell’ and ‘MacDonald’
What was the initial relationship between Maori and Scots emigrants?
Good. Maori helped Scots emigrants settle during harsh Winters in 1848-9. Some Maori converted to Christianity and sold land freely to Scots
When was the Treaty of Waitangi established and what was it?
1840: to protect Maori land and allow British government to rule New Zealand
How successful was the Treaty of Waitangi?
Not very as it was unclear who owned what and it led to conflict as Scots moved onto land that wasn’t theirs (1845-72)
What impact did Donald Maclean have on relationship between Scots and Maori?
Positive. He learned the Maori language in order to foster a better working relationship with them
Was there any evidence of intermarriage between Maroi and Scots?
Yes
What industries were Scots emigrants involved in in India?
Jute, timber, coal, sugar, indigo and cotton
What trade did Scots emigrants help in in India? What did they achieve?
Tea trade. Helped India to become lead distributor in the world. Eg. Thomas Lipton who was a Glasgow merchant
Who was James Ramsey and what impact did he have on India?
Governor-General. Oversaw creation of railway connecting remote areas with large cities. Helped build school which improved literacy levels and over time improved the economy
What changes did Dalhousie make in India and what were the results of it?
Banned Suttee: a Hindu practice where widow throws herself on dead husbands funeral pyre. He did this as some women were being forced to do it when they didn’t want to.
Banned thuggee: group of killers who attacked travellers by strangling them. Strangled hundreds of thugs making India safer for travellers.
Why did Dalhousie make such big changes in India?
He thought of them as uncivilised and immoral
What was happening in India in 1857?
Mutiny. Indian troops from East India Company Army rebelled against British officers as they believed they didn’t respect Hindu or Islamic faith
