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Higher History > Migration and Empire 1830-1939 Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Migration and Empire 1830-1939 Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many Scots emigrated to Canada between 1900 and 1939?

A

Half a million

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2
Q

What trade did Scots emigrants dominate in Canada?

A

Hudson Bay Company trading in furs, textiles, furniture making, paper, steel, oil, and iron

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3
Q

What evidence is there of Scots emigrants making a huge impact in Canadian economy?

A

By the end of the century, Scots occupied a third of Canadian business elite despite being only 16% of the population

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4
Q

What did most Scots emigrants go to Canada for?

A

Agricultural opportunities. Raised cattle and crop using skills learned in Scotland.

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5
Q

What was the biggest impact Scots made on Canada?

A

Canadian Pacific Railway which connected parts of Canada that used to be cut off from each other

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6
Q

What impact did Scots emigrants make on Politics in Canada?

A

John MacDonald. Canada’s prime minister who led Canada to independence in 1867

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7
Q

What is an example of a Scot emigrant establishing a school in Canada?

A

1818 George Ramsey established Dalhousie University

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8
Q

What contribution did Scottish faith make to Canadian culture?

A

Church of Scotland funded Queens University

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9
Q

What parts of Scottish culture became a part of the culture in Canada?

A

Highland societies, bagpipe playing, whiskey tasting and ceilidhs

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10
Q

How did Scots emigrants get on with Canadian natives?

A

met them through Hudson Bay company and developed close relations leading to intermarriage between the groups

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11
Q

What are Metis people?

A

Generation of people with an immigrant parent and a native parent

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12
Q

What impact did Metis people have on the economy in Canada?

A

Helped trade flourish as they could communicate with Scots and native tribes

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13
Q

What were Metis people thought of by Scots? What did this impression make them do?

A

Scots thought of them as inferior or savages and forced them off their land

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14
Q

What happened in Canada in 1885?

A

Canadians and Metis people stage rebellion against immigrants but their leader was executed

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15
Q

What work did Scots emigrants do in Australia?

A

Worked in remote settlements to establish farms and towns.

Exported new agricultural techniques that were successful.

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16
Q

What areas were Scots emigrants dominant in in Australia?

A

Finance, engineering, shipping, coal mining, sugar and manufacturing

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17
Q

Who were James and Alexander Brown? What did they do?

A

Scots emigrants that set up coal mines in Newcastle and New South Wales which were very successful

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18
Q

What industry was Samuel McWilliams visible in and what did he do?

A

Wine. He planted new vines in 1877

19
Q

What industry was Robert MacCracken involved in? What did he achieve?

A

Brewing industry. His brewery produced 100 000 barrels annually

20
Q

Who is Andrew Fisher?

A

Australian prime minister

21
Q

How did Scots impact on Australian culture?

A

Scottish societies, burns clubs. Some regions had their own tartan, national songs ‘Waltzing Matilda’ and ‘Advance Australia Fair’ were written by Scots

22
Q

Who was Catherine Helen Spence and what was her impact on Australian politics?

A

Born in Melrose Scotland. Political writer, helped advance democracy and women’s rights in Australia

23
Q

What is an example of a school that had Scottish links and a Scottish foundation in Australia?

A

Melbourne Academy, also known as ‘Scotch College’

24
Q

What impact did the Scottish Kirk make on Australian education?

A

Set up 42 parish schools in New South Wales

25
Q

How did Scottish emigrants get on with Australian natives?

A

Came into conflict with Aborigines who were used to moving freely within Australia and didn’t like being told where they could and couldn’t go

26
Q

What effect did the Hornet Bank Massacre have on the population of Aborigines?

A

Almost completely wiped them out

27
Q

Who was Dr David Munro and what did he do?

A

Introduced the first sheep to New Zealand

28
Q

What industries did Scottish emigrants get involved in in New Zealand? Who was Thomas Brydone?

A

Frozen meat and dairy exports. Thomas Brydone founded New Zealand and Australian Land Company

29
Q

Where did many Scots emigrants settle in New Zealand?

A

Otago province (capital Dunedin) which was developed by Free Church of Scotland as Presbyterian colony

30
Q

What did New Zealand rugby teams do to show pride in Scottish roots?

A

Rugby team named Highlanders which was homage to Scottish roots

31
Q

What was set up in 1871 in New Zealand?

A

First school for girls

32
Q

What parts of New Zealand culture was inspired by Scottish roots?

A

Caledonian societies, clubs and pipebands. Common Scottish surnames ‘Campbell’ and ‘MacDonald’

33
Q

What was the initial relationship between Maori and Scots emigrants?

A

Good. Maori helped Scots emigrants settle during harsh Winters in 1848-9. Some Maori converted to Christianity and sold land freely to Scots

34
Q

When was the Treaty of Waitangi established and what was it?

A

1840: to protect Maori land and allow British government to rule New Zealand

35
Q

How successful was the Treaty of Waitangi?

A

Not very as it was unclear who owned what and it led to conflict as Scots moved onto land that wasn’t theirs (1845-72)

36
Q

What impact did Donald Maclean have on relationship between Scots and Maori?

A

Positive. He learned the Maori language in order to foster a better working relationship with them

37
Q

Was there any evidence of intermarriage between Maroi and Scots?

A

Yes

38
Q

What industries were Scots emigrants involved in in India?

A

Jute, timber, coal, sugar, indigo and cotton

39
Q

What trade did Scots emigrants help in in India? What did they achieve?

A

Tea trade. Helped India to become lead distributor in the world. Eg. Thomas Lipton who was a Glasgow merchant

40
Q

Who was James Ramsey and what impact did he have on India?

A

Governor-General. Oversaw creation of railway connecting remote areas with large cities. Helped build school which improved literacy levels and over time improved the economy

41
Q

What changes did Dalhousie make in India and what were the results of it?

A

Banned Suttee: a Hindu practice where widow throws herself on dead husbands funeral pyre. He did this as some women were being forced to do it when they didn’t want to.
Banned thuggee: group of killers who attacked travellers by strangling them. Strangled hundreds of thugs making India safer for travellers.

42
Q

Why did Dalhousie make such big changes in India?

A

He thought of them as uncivilised and immoral

43
Q

What was happening in India in 1857?

A

Mutiny. Indian troops from East India Company Army rebelled against British officers as they believed they didn’t respect Hindu or Islamic faith

Higher History (8 decks)

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