Migration and Empire 1830-1939 Chapter 1 Flashcards
How were the people in the Lowlands affected by industrialisation?
Labour saving technology introduced onto farms meaning farmworkers were no longer required
When were threshing machines introduced onto farms and what did they harvest?
By 1870, most hay and grain were harvested using threshing machines
When was steam power introduced onto farms?
Early 19th century
Why were Lowlanders severly effected by industrialisation?
When they lost their jobs, they lost their homes also as they were rented from the landowner
Why did people leave the rural Lowlands during 1830-1911?
Population doubled and there wasn’t enough jobs to go round
Why did people from the Lowlands move to growing towns and cities?
More job opportunities and higher wages
What was working on the farms in the Lowlands like?
Long hours, few breaks, not many holidays
Why did people who lived in the cities leave?
People who lived in the city were skilled workers and left after industrialisation made their skills no longer economically valuable
What was migration like initially in the Highlands?
Temporary
When did workers on the Highlands migrate? Where did they go?
When they could not harvest their crops.
Jobs in South, navvies in railway construction and working on Lowland farms which allowed them to work on their croft
When did temporary migration in the Highlands become more permanent?
From 1840 onwards
Why did people from the Highlands permanently migrate?
1846- potato famine (avoiding starvation)
Highland Clearance
Where did people migrate to from the Highlands?
Lowlands- promised food and jobs
Cities- worked in domestic service or as labourers
Overseas- hope of more arable land
In the 18-19th century what did landowners do with their land?
Rented it out to tenants to produce food.
What happened when profitable sheep farming was introduced to Highland farms?
Tenants were moved off the land so landowners could make more money.
