Migration

Question 1

Push factors

Answer 1

War conflict
Lack of job
Political change
Poor living condition

Question 2

Pull factors

Answer 2

Healthcare
High wage
Better standard of living
Job opp
Education

Question 3

Impact of Migration on UK Population Structure

Answer 3

• Immigration Effects:
• Increase: The UK population is growing partly due to immigration.
• 2014 Data: 583,000 immigrants and 323,000 emigrants; 38% of immigrants were EU citizens from Eastern Europe.
• Natural Increase: More births than deaths; births to non-UK born mothers are higher than to UK-born mothers.

Question 4

Birth rates

Answer 4

• Current Trends:
• Replacement Rate: Required to sustain population is 2.1 births per woman; in 2021, it was 2.9.
• Impact of Migration: Without net migration, the UK population would be shrinking.

Question 5

She structure and dependency ratio

Answer 5

Age Structure:

•	Direct Impact: Immigrants are generally younger, which reduces the average age of the population.
•	Indirect Impact: Younger immigrants tend to have more children, further lowering the average age.

Dependency Ratio:

•	Short Term:
•	Higher Dependency: Higher fertility rates among immigrant women add more children, temporarily increasing the dependency ratio.
•	Long Term:
•	Reduction: As immigrant children grow up and enter the workforce, the dependency ratio may decrease.