Migration.

Question 1

Define “Migration”

Answer 1

Migration is the movement of people outside or across a boundary, national or international, to establish a new place of residence.

Question 2

What does Lee’s migration model outline?

Answer 2

The Lee’s migration model observes factors influencing emigration.
It also incorporates intervening obstacles.

Question 3

What are the current patterns of immigration and emigration in an EDC (Brazil)

Answer 3

• Immigration:
  ~ Influx of migrants from Haiti and African nations.
  ~ Increased migration from neighbouring countries due to MERCOSUR, such as Andean states.
  ~ Rise in international labour migrants for 2014 world cup and 2016 olympics in construction occupations.
• Emigration.
  ~ Increasing emigration of skilled workers to Europe, USA and Japan.
  ~ Slowing down of emigration of lower skilled economic migrants to USA.
  ~ Net migration loss of 1/2M in 4 year intervals/periods.

Question 4

What are the changes in emigration in an EDC (Brazil) overtime?

Answer 4

• There are 80,000 fewer immigrants living in Brazil than at the start of the century.
• Emigration had increased from 0.97M in 2000 to 1.77M in 2013.
• Brazil has a high emigration to Japan based on previous immigration, encouraged by employment opportunity.
• The USA has the largest Brazilian population overseas mainly for economic reasons.

Question 5

What are the changes in immigration in an EDC (Brazil) overtime?

Answer 5

• Brazil had a high influx of European migrants attracted to agricultural coffee cultivation.
• Slowed in the last 15 years, there are 80,000 fewer migrants living in Brazil than at the start of the century.

Question 6

What countries are interdependent with Brazil?

Answer 6

• Haiti
• USA
• Brazil

Question 7

How is Portugal interdependent with Brazil?

Answer 7

• They have long standing bilateral relationships in politics, social and economic factors.
• There are colonial ties meaning that the Portugese government give special status to Brazilian migrants.
• Portugal serves as a gateway for entry to the EU, providing better economic opportunities.
• Shared language, ancestry and family ties eases integration.
• RECIPROCAL migration is supported by well developed social diaspora networks in both countries.
• Migrant remittances are an important economic factor in many families.

Question 8

How is the USA interdependent with Brazil (an EDC) ?

Answer 8

• Links are political, socio-economic and environmental in terms.
• Thousands of low-skilled migrants working in the USA are able to remit significant monies.
• Social remittances are returned in the form of acquired skills and knowledge.
• Highly skilled Brazilian migrants contribute to the USA service sector.
• Political relations regarding agriculture, trade, education and defence are important.
• USAID contributes to Brazilian environmental stability through designing and implementing laws.

Question 9

How is Haiti interdependent with Brazil.

Answer 9

• Haiti has humanitarian, political and economic relations to Brazil.
• The national immigration council for Brazil enables Haitian immigrants to obtain visas relatively easy in Haiti and reduce vulnerability for trafficking.
• Haitians operate in low-skilled agricultural jobs and factories in the SE of Brazil, supporting economy.
• Brazil has supported Haitians seeking refuge from environmental disasters, political instability and appalling human rights.
• Number of immigrants grew from 1681 in 2010 to 11k in 2013 and continues to rise.

Question 10

What are the 3 main impacts of migration in Brazil (EDC) ?

Answer 10

• Political stability
• Social equality
• Economic development