Midyear

Question 1

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 1

Rutherford gold foil experiment. Didn’t get expected results but discovered nucleus. He predicted that the atoms would have their matter spread out like a piece of paper.

Question 2

Atoms tend to acquire the electron configuration of….

Answer 2

A Nobel Gas

Question 3

2 non metals

Answer 3

Both want more electrons and share with each other. This means they are molecular compounds

Question 4

2 metals

Answer 4

No compounds

Question 5

Metal + non metal

Answer 5

Ionic compound

Question 6

Niels Bohr

Answer 6

Discovered only certain energies and wavelengths are allowed. INCORRECTLY thought electrons orbited nucleus

Question 7

Quantum

Answer 7

Can be counted, NOT continuous.

Question 8

Is light a wave or a particle?

Answer 8

Both!

Question 9

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 9

The better you know the position, the worse you know the momentum(where it is going). NOTE this principle applies best to small (and i mean realllllly small things)

Question 10

De Broglie wavelength

Answer 10

H/MV

Question 11

What is an orbital?

Answer 11

A region where you are likely to find an electron (of a certain energy)

Question 12

Sub level S

Answer 12

1 orbital, 2 electrons

Question 13

Sub level P

Answer 13

3 orbitals, 6 electrons

Question 14

Sub level D

Answer 14

5 orbitals, 10 electrons

Question 15

Sub level F

Answer 15

7 orbitals, 14 electrons

Question 16

Out of Li, Na, and K, which is most reactive and why?

Answer 16

K, it is the easiest to remove an electron so it has the lowest ionization energy

Question 17

Ionization energy

Answer 17

The energy to move an electron

Question 18

What is an acid?

Answer 18

Any anion with charge balanced by H+

Question 19

Anion with -ide becomes what when turned into an acid?

Answer 19

Hyrdo___ic acid

Question 20

Anion with -ate becomes what when turned into an acid?

Answer 20

__ic acid

Question 21

Anion with -ite becomes what when turned into an acid?

Answer 21

____ous acid

Question 22

Lewis dot structures

Answer 22

• dots represent valence e- in the outermost principle energy level
• used for non metals primarily

Question 23

Octet rule

Answer 23

All elements want 8 valence electrons (hydrogen follows the duet rule, making it the only exception)

Question 24

Covalent bonds

Answer 24

Pair of shared electrons

Question 25

VSEPR

Answer 25

Valence shell electron pair repulsion, means that outermost electron pairs repel eachother

Question 26

Difference between ammonia and ammonium

Answer 26

Ammonia: NH3. Ammonium NH4(+)

Question 27

What generally has a higher melting point, ionic or molecular compounds? Why?

Answer 27

Ionic, because the ionic bonds are much harder to break. DONT BE CONFUSED, melting point isn't a direct comparison to the strength of the bonds

Question 28

Are acids molecular or ionic?

Answer 28

Molecular

Question 29

Redox reactions

Answer 29

The transfer of electrons: 1) synthesis 2) single displacement 3) decompositions 4) combustion (fancy word for burning)

Question 30

What makes a reaction an acid base?

Answer 30

The products are always the same, water + any salt

Question 31

Material made up of one kind of atom

Answer 31

Element

Question 32

What are the diatomic elements?

Answer 32

H, O, N, Br, I, Cl, F

Question 33

Materials made up of two or more kinds of atoms

Answer 33

Compound

Question 34

Homogenous mixture

Answer 34

A solution, same from place to place. (Ex: steel)

Question 35

Heterogenous mixture

Answer 35

Composition varies (ex:sand, salt, peanut butter)

Question 36

Physical change

Answer 36

No new substances (boiling water)

Question 37

Chemical change

Answer 37

New substances created (electrolysis) (ex:baking a cake, helps to ask if you can undo it?)

Question 38

Ion

Answer 38

A charged particle, gains and looses electrons

Question 39

What happens during alpha decay?

Answer 39

A particle joins with a Helium2 particle to form a new particle

Question 40

What happens during beta decay?

Answer 40

A particle turns one of its neutrons into a proton

Question 41

What happens during gamma decay?

Answer 41

When a particle turns one of its protons into a neutron

Question 42

J. J. Thomson

Answer 42

Discovered electrons and that all matter can emit electrons. Plum pudding model

Question 43

Cations

Answer 43

Metals that loose electrons (+)

Question 44

Anions

Answer 44

Metals that gain electrons (-)