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ALT > Midweek Assessment > Flashcards

Midweek Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Name the workflow in constructing a successful CemCADE?

A

Well > Fluid > Placement > Centralization

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2
Q

Name two key parameters needed to properly define the well geometry.

A

Tubulars & Hole

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3
Q

True or False. CemCADE recommends the type of centralizer to use.

A

False

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4
Q

True or False. The WellCLEAN module assumes fluid mixing between different fluids.

A

True

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5
Q

The flow calculator plots % standoff vs. __________ to determine Qmin and Qmax.

A

Pump rate

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6
Q

Prepare the test samples in accordance with Clause 5 of ISO 10426-2:2003. The laboratory temperature of the cement sample, additives, and mix water should be within __________ of the respective temperature anticipated at the well site.

A

+/- 3 degF

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7
Q

API RP 10B-3 The strength development of cement used in a deepwater cementation can be influenced by many factors, including heat of hydration, casing/wellbore size, final slurry location (annulus or shoe track), and initial slurry temperature. Given the number of variables contributing to the rate of strength development in a deepwater well, the temperature and pressure schedule should be determined by means of __________ or by __________. In this way, the test schedule can reflect as closely as possible the actual temperature and pressure profiles found after placement.

A

Heat transfer numerical simulator or field test data from offset wells.

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8
Q

During setting of cement in large annulus, the temperature in the annulus will increase ___________.

A

Significantly

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9
Q

After the slurry has been prepared, place it into an atmospheric consistometer slurry container that has been chilled to the desired test temperature. At user discretion, the temperature of the slurry container and/or the cooling fluid within the atmospheric consistometer may be lower than the bottom hole test temperature in order to promote a more rapid cool down. Place the cup into a chilled atmospheric consistometer and condition for ______________.

A

Heat time + 30 minutes at BHCT

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10
Q

API RP10B-3 (Section 6.6.2) - Use a compressive strength testing device to measure destructive compressive strength. The rate of loading for samples with an anticipated strength of greater than __________psi should be ___________.

A

4,000 psi/min +/- 400 psi/min.

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11
Q

What are the main differences between procedures on API RP10B-2 and API RP10B-3?

A

API RP10B-3 emphasizes the use of a numerical temperature simulator over the use of API published schedules.

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12
Q

A foamed cement system must be stable to prevent gas bubbles from breaking out of the foamed slurry during, and after placement. What should, and can be done to ensure foam stability?

A
  1. Proper compatibility between cement, mixwater, and foaming additive.
  2. Use correct foaming agent and foam stabilizer.
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13
Q

In order to achieve a slurry with acceptable permeability, what is the maximum foam quality allowed?

A

35-40% FQ Verify Answer

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14
Q

Name 2 cement foaming agents.

A

D139 & F104

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15
Q

What tests can you perform with foam cement?

A
  1. Destructive compressive strength
  2. Permeability
  3. UCA
  4. Thickening Time
  5. Atmospheric density
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16
Q

FlexSEAL contains ___________ as a key additive.

A

B319

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17
Q

FlexSEAL is used for what applications?

A

Lost circulation & Shale gas

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18
Q

ThermaSTONE is designed for what application?

A

Steam injection and SAGD (Steam assisted gravity drainage)

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19
Q

What is the key additive in ThermaSTONE technology?

A

XE171 (no longer experimental, may have new code) New code is D200

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20
Q

What is temperature limit of ThermaSTONE?

A

600+ degF

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21
Q

What are the main two families of raw materials used to manufacture cement?

A

Calcareous & Argillaceous

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22
Q

What mineral is added to the clinker during the final grinding phase of the cement manufacturing process?

A

Gypsum

23
Q 
Name the 4 main components of the clinker corresponding to the percentage shown.
Major component 50%
Medium component 25%
Minor component 3%
Minor component 12%
A

Major component 50% - C3S
Medium component 25% - C2S
Minor component 3% - C3A
Minor component 12% - C4AF

24
Q

Name the reactions in order on the hydration heat diagram.

A
  1. Dissolution, Ettringite and C-S-H gel formation
  2. Increase in Ca+ and OH- concentration
  3. Initial Set
  4. Rapid formation of C-S-H and CH
  5. Final Set
  6. Formation of monosulphate
  7. Diffusion Controlled Process
25
Q

Why is gypsum added to the cement?

A

To prevent a flash set.

26
Q

What is HSR cement?

A

High Sulphate Resistant

27
Q

What component of clinker gives color to the cement and has very little effect on set properties?

A

C4AF

28
Q

What component of clinker has the highest heat of hydration?

A

C3A

29
Q

API uses a unit called BLAINE to quantify the fineness of cement, a Blaine fineness of 1800 (such as Class G) means _________________.

A

The cement surface area is 1800 sqcm per gram.

30
Q

How does Ettringite form?

A

C3A + Water + Gypsum

31
Q

How much gypsum is added to portland cement during the manufacturing process?

A

3% to 5%

32
Q

Name the hydration periods in order.

A
  1. Pre-Induction
  2. Induction
  3. Acceleration
  4. Deceleration
  5. Diffusion
33
Q

What will be the consequences on set cement when its been attacked by MgSO4?

A

Cement will swell and crack.

34
Q

What is the range of concentration where NaCl (Sodium Chloride) work as an accelerator?

A

Up to 10% BWOW

35
Q

Name two extenders we use to lighten the cement slurry.

A

D020 & D075

36
Q

Why do we require 4 times less bentonite when it is pre-hydrated?

A
  1. Because the bentonite has more time to hydrate.

2. Because the bentonite will swell up 4 times bigger when pre-hydrated.

37
Q

What are the two main salts used as accelerators?

A
  1. Sodium Chloride - D044

2. Calcium Chloride - S001

38
Q

How can strength retrogression be prevented in the slurry design?

A

By adding 35% BWOC of silica

39
Q

What are the requirements for weighting agents?

A
  1. Availability and cost
  2. Inert
  3. High specific gravity
  4. Low water adsorption
40
Q

Which additive do we use to increase the thickening time?

A

D081, Retarder

41
Q

Dispersants are used to control ____________.

A

Mixability & Pumpability

42
Q

What is the range of concentration where NaCl works as an accelerator?

A

Up to 10% BWOW

43
Q

What is the secondary effect of most of dispersants such as D121, D080, D065?

A

Retarder

44
Q

What are the functions of anti-settling agent?

A

Control sedimentation & Control free water

45
Q

What kind of an additive is UNISET?

A

Retarder

46
Q

True or False. API simulation schedules can be used for offshore wells with water depth less than 250 ft.

A

False

47
Q

What is an essential piece of lab equipment to run deepwater testing?

A

Chiller

48
Q

Rank the CemCADE modules in the order you would enter data.

A
  1. Well
  2. Fluid
  3. Placement
  4. Centralizer
  5. WELLCLEAN
49
Q

What is the water requirement for 1 sack of API Class C cement. Hint: Water is 56% BWOC.

A

6.3 gal/sk

50
Q

What temperature comes closest to temperature limit of ThermaSTONE?

A

650 degF

51
Q

What are two applications for ThermaSTONE?

A

Steam cycling & SAGD

52
Q

What are the 5 main tabs of Wellbook?

A
  1. Slurry
  2. Reporting
  3. Preferences
  4. Attachments
  5. Appendices
53
Q

Where would you go to determine the particle size distribution specification for D181?

A

Quality Assurance Database

54
Q

You are asked to make a 40:60 ratio of Poz:H. The bulk density of H is 94 lb/sk and bulk density of Poz is measured at 72 lbs/sk. What is the equivalent bulk sack density of the 40:60 Poz:H?

A

85 lbs.

Poz: 72lb x .40 = 28.8
H: 94lb x .60 = 56.4
28.8 + 56.4 = 85.2

ALT (3 decks)

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