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ALT > Entry Level Assessment > Flashcards

Entry Level Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

API uses a a unit called BLAINE to quantify the fineness of a cement, a Blaine fineness of 1800 (such as class G) means:

A

The cement surface area is 1800 sqcm. per gram

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2
Q

What are the medium components in in LiteCRETE blend?

A

Cement & D179

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3
Q

What is the D-code for Chemical Wash Concentrate?

A

D122A

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4
Q

What are the different periods on the cement hydration chart?

A 
Pre-induction
Induction
Acceleration
Deceleration
Defusion
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5
Q

What does the unit BC stand for when describing slurry consistency, or thickness?

A

Bearden Units of Consistency

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6
Q

What component of clinker contributes to all stages of cement strength development?

A

C3S

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7
Q

How many times do you have to transfer between silos to prepare the CemCRETE blend?

A

6

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8
Q

What is the definition of rheology?

A

Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow of matter.

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9
Q

If a slurry has high free fluid, what may happen?

A

Incomplete zonal isolation.

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10
Q

True or False.

CemNET creates formation damage?

A

False

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11
Q

GMA (Gas Migration Advisor) provides tailored solutions based on gas migration severity. GMA accounts for the following factors to define severity:

A

Formation Productivity Risk (FPR)
Mud Removal Risk (MRR)
PDL

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12
Q

Name the for main components of clinker?

A

C3S
C2S
C3A
C4AF

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13
Q

Major component (50%) of clinker

A

C3S

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14
Q

Medium Component (25%) of clinker

A

C2S

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15
Q

Minor Component (3%) of clinker

A

C3A

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16
Q

Minor component (12%) of clinker

A

C4AF

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17
Q

Name 2 examples of second generation retarders

A

D161

D177

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18
Q

True or False. The name of of the Mud Removal Technique in Schlumberger is WELLCLEAN II?

A

True

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19
Q

What component of clinker contributes to all stages of strength development?

A

C3S

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20
Q

Rank the following retarders from highest to lowest temperature range: D198, D013, D201, D800, D161

A
  1. D161
  2. D800
  3. D198
  4. D201
  5. D013
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21
Q

True of False. The rheology in cementing services is a correlation of shear stress against shear rate.

A

True

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22
Q

Name the results of cement aging problems

A

Bulk handling more difficult.
Increased slurry viscosity.
Decreased compressive strength.
Increased thickening time.

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23
Q

Yield Stress is related to:

A

Continuous forces interaction between particles.

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24
Q

What statement is most correct in describing turbulent flow of fluids?

A

Depends on the fluid’s viscosity, velocity, and on the well geometry.

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25
Q 
Name each tests intended purpose:
Spacer Surfactant Selection Test (SSST)
Grid Test
Coupon Test
Compatibility
A

SSST: Conductivity
Grid Test: Ability to erode mud
Coupon Test: Wetibility
Compatibility:Mixing Zone (<40)

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26
Q

How do you measure the concentration of blend components as a function of their absolute volume in the total blend?

A

BVOB

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27
Q

True or False. On the Herschel-Bulkley Model the behavior index (n) is equivalent to the plastic viscosity of the fluid.

28
Q

True or False. Half of D124 and/or D179 and D178 %BWOC can be calculated as silica content.

29
Q

What is Thixotropy?

A

Fluid that develops gel strength over time when not subjected to shearing, and then liquifies when agitated.

30
Q

Describe the bob and sleeve on a Fann Viscometer.

A

The Bob is stationary, and the Sleeve rotates.

31
Q

Name 3 features and benefits of UNISET.

A
  1. Not shear sensitive.
  2. Low sensitivity to temperature and concentration variations.
  3. Right-Angle set regardless of Thickening Time.
32
Q

What are the additives for a LiteCRETE design?

A

D124 & D178

33
Q

Why do you not “fluff” a CemCRETE blend before mixing?

A

Fluffing can separate the blend particles.

34
Q

What is the calibration frequency for a digital weigh balance/scale?

35
Q

Is Diesel a Newtonian fluid?

36
Q

When the Rheology (Pv&Ty) of a cement slurry is very high, it will be:

A

Difficult to mix and pump.

37
Q

What is the percentage difference between fluids when considering the density differential to comply with effective laminar flow?

38
Q

What will happen with the cement slurry if you add too much extra gypsum into cement?

39
Q

What will happen with the cement slurry if you do not have enough gypsum in the cement?

40
Q

What is the primary difference between a 2x and a 1x spring in a Fann 35 Rheometer?

A

2x is twice as strong, readings in 2x should be divided by 2 to equal readings obtained in 1x.

41
Q

Name the 4 main components of clinker and their percentages.

A

C3S - Major component 50%
C2S - Medium component 25%
C3A - Minor component 3%
C4AF - Minor component 12%

42
Q

Name 3 possible LiteCRETE applications:

A
  1. Shallow deep water well cementing
  2. Deeper casing setting points with lower hydrostatic pressures.
  3. Single stage replacement of two, or three stage cementing.
43
Q

True or False. From fluids compatibility test, when the R index is less than 40, the fluids are compatible.

44
Q

True or False. IISOBLOK is a cement system to prevent high gas severity.

45
Q

The single most important parameter behind the migration of gas in an annulus post cementing is:

A

The loss of hydrostatic pressure on the formation due to the cement setting.

46
Q

What is the major component of clinker?

47
Q

At what rpm, and for how long do you mix when preparing a cement slurry for lab testing?

A

12,000 rpm for 35 seconds, and 4,000 rpm for 15 seconds.

48
Q

True or False. The gel strength of the mud increases when we are conditioning the mud.

49
Q

What are the recommended ratios for each particle in a CemCRETE design?

A

55% - Coarse
35% - Medium
10% - Fine

50
Q

What apparatus is used to prepare a cement slurry according to API?

A

Waring Blender

51
Q

Give 2 statements for the CemCRETE technology advantages.

A
  1. Lower permeability independent of density

2. Improved mechanical durability (t/e)

52
Q

True or False. During the transition from liquid to solid, the pressure (called hydrostatic pressure) in the cement column increases as the slurry begins to set.

53
Q

How do you calculate POD?

A

When the BCs climb 10% over the constant BC reading.

54
Q

What is the typical concentration range used for the UNIFLAC D167?

A

0.1% - 0.8% BWOC

55
Q

How do you calculate API fluid loss when the test blows dry?

A

2V x the square root of 30 divided by the square root of time.

56
Q

At what temperature do you take the rheological properties of a cement slurry?

A

Room temperature.

57
Q

Spacers are weighed to increase mud removal efficiency and to:

A

Maintain over balance against the pore pressure.

58
Q 
Match the following additives with their key technology:
D181
D177
D196
D173
XE171
D400
D188
A 
D181 - Flexstone
D177 - Uniset
D196 - Flexstone
D173 - Squeezecrete
XE171 - Thermastone
D400 - Easy Block
D188 - Thermastone
59
Q

What are the main two families of raw materials used to manufacture cement?

A

Calcareous & Argillaceous

60
Q

D600G particles do what?

A

Form a film which coalesces and makes the cement matrix impermeable.

61
Q

Name two fine components in LiteCRETE blend.

A

D163 & D178

62
Q

What are 4 applications of rheology?

A
  1. Determine correct rate for mud removal.
  2. To evaluate slurry mixability and pumpability.
  3. Calculate HHP Requirement.
  4. Estimate friction pressure.
63
Q

Name three statements regarding turbulent flow.

A
  1. Easily achieved at low flow rates.
  2. The turbulent flow has a swirling motion.
  3. The swirling motion can erode the filter cake at the well bore.
64
Q

D600G Slurries fall under which category?

A

Impermeable cements

65
Q

What is the pressure limitation of LiteCRETE using LITEFILL (in psi)?

A

Was 5000 psi, new API says 3000 psi.

66
Q

What is the D-code for EasyBLOK?

ALT (3 decks)

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