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Entry Level Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

API uses a a unit called BLAINE to quantify the fineness of a cement, a Blaine fineness of 1800 (such as class G) means:

A

The cement surface area is 1800 sqcm. per gram

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2
Q

What are the medium components in in LiteCRETE blend?

A

Cement & D179

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3
Q

What is the D-code for Chemical Wash Concentrate?

A

D122A

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4
Q

What are the different periods on the cement hydration chart?

A 
Pre-induction
Induction
Acceleration
Deceleration
Defusion
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5
Q

What does the unit BC stand for when describing slurry consistency, or thickness?

A

Bearden Units of Consistency

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6
Q

What component of clinker contributes to all stages of cement strength development?

A

C3S

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7
Q

How many times do you have to transfer between silos to prepare the CemCRETE blend?

A

6

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8
Q

What is the definition of rheology?

A

Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow of matter.

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9
Q

If a slurry has high free fluid, what may happen?

A

Incomplete zonal isolation.

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10
Q

True or False.

CemNET creates formation damage?

A

False

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11
Q

GMA (Gas Migration Advisor) provides tailored solutions based on gas migration severity. GMA accounts for the following factors to define severity:

A

Formation Productivity Risk (FPR)
Mud Removal Risk (MRR)
PDL

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12
Q

Name the for main components of clinker?

A

C3S
C2S
C3A
C4AF

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13
Q

Major component (50%) of clinker

A

C3S

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14
Q

Medium Component (25%) of clinker

A

C2S

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15
Q

Minor Component (3%) of clinker

A

C3A

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16
Q

Minor component (12%) of clinker

A

C4AF

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17
Q

Name 2 examples of second generation retarders

A

D161

D177

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18
Q

True or False. The name of of the Mud Removal Technique in Schlumberger is WELLCLEAN II?

A

True

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19
Q

What component of clinker contributes to all stages of strength development?

A

C3S

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20
Q

Rank the following retarders from highest to lowest temperature range: D198, D013, D201, D800, D161

A
  1. D161
  2. D800
  3. D198
  4. D201
  5. D013
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21
Q

True of False. The rheology in cementing services is a correlation of shear stress against shear rate.

A

True

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22
Q

Name the results of cement aging problems

A

Bulk handling more difficult.
Increased slurry viscosity.
Decreased compressive strength.
Increased thickening time.

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23
Q

Yield Stress is related to:

A

Continuous forces interaction between particles.

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24
Q

What statement is most correct in describing turbulent flow of fluids?

A

Depends on the fluid’s viscosity, velocity, and on the well geometry.

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25
``` Name each tests intended purpose: Spacer Surfactant Selection Test (SSST) Grid Test Coupon Test Compatibility ```
SSST: Conductivity Grid Test: Ability to erode mud Coupon Test: Wetibility Compatibility:Mixing Zone (<40)
26
How do you measure the concentration of blend components as a function of their absolute volume in the total blend?
BVOB
27
True or False. On the Herschel-Bulkley Model the behavior index (n) is equivalent to the plastic viscosity of the fluid.
False
28
True or False. Half of D124 and/or D179 and D178 %BWOC can be calculated as silica content.
True
29
What is Thixotropy?
Fluid that develops gel strength over time when not subjected to shearing, and then liquifies when agitated.
30
Describe the bob and sleeve on a Fann Viscometer.
The Bob is stationary, and the Sleeve rotates.
31
Name 3 features and benefits of UNISET.
1. Not shear sensitive. 2. Low sensitivity to temperature and concentration variations. 3. Right-Angle set regardless of Thickening Time.
32
What are the additives for a LiteCRETE design?
D124 & D178
33
Why do you not "fluff" a CemCRETE blend before mixing?
Fluffing can separate the blend particles.
34
What is the calibration frequency for a digital weigh balance/scale?
12 Months
35
Is Diesel a Newtonian fluid?
Yes
36
When the Rheology (Pv&Ty) of a cement slurry is very high, it will be:
Difficult to mix and pump.
37
What is the percentage difference between fluids when considering the density differential to comply with effective laminar flow?
10%
38
What will happen with the cement slurry if you add too much extra gypsum into cement?
False set
39
What will happen with the cement slurry if you do not have enough gypsum in the cement?
Flash set
40
What is the primary difference between a 2x and a 1x spring in a Fann 35 Rheometer?
2x is twice as strong, readings in 2x should be divided by 2 to equal readings obtained in 1x.
41
Name the 4 main components of clinker and their percentages.
C3S - Major component 50% C2S - Medium component 25% C3A - Minor component 3% C4AF - Minor component 12%
42
Name 3 possible LiteCRETE applications:
1. Shallow deep water well cementing 2. Deeper casing setting points with lower hydrostatic pressures. 3. Single stage replacement of two, or three stage cementing.
43
True or False. From fluids compatibility test, when the R index is less than 40, the fluids are compatible.
True
44
True or False. IISOBLOK is a cement system to prevent high gas severity.
True
45
The single most important parameter behind the migration of gas in an annulus post cementing is:
The loss of hydrostatic pressure on the formation due to the cement setting.
46
What is the major component of clinker?
C3S
47
At what rpm, and for how long do you mix when preparing a cement slurry for lab testing?
12,000 rpm for 35 seconds, and 4,000 rpm for 15 seconds.
48
True or False. The gel strength of the mud increases when we are conditioning the mud.
False
49
What are the recommended ratios for each particle in a CemCRETE design?
55% - Coarse 35% - Medium 10% - Fine
50
What apparatus is used to prepare a cement slurry according to API?
Waring Blender
51
Give 2 statements for the CemCRETE technology advantages.
1. Lower permeability independent of density | 2. Improved mechanical durability (t/e)
52
True or False. During the transition from liquid to solid, the pressure (called hydrostatic pressure) in the cement column increases as the slurry begins to set.
False
53
How do you calculate POD?
When the BCs climb 10% over the constant BC reading.
54
What is the typical concentration range used for the UNIFLAC D167?
0.1% - 0.8% BWOC
55
How do you calculate API fluid loss when the test blows dry?
2V x the square root of 30 divided by the square root of time.
56
At what temperature do you take the rheological properties of a cement slurry?
Room temperature.
57
Spacers are weighed to increase mud removal efficiency and to:
Maintain over balance against the pore pressure.
58
``` Match the following additives with their key technology: D181 D177 D196 D173 XE171 D400 D188 ```
``` D181 - Flexstone D177 - Uniset D196 - Flexstone D173 - Squeezecrete XE171 - Thermastone D400 - Easy Block D188 - Thermastone ```
59
What are the main two families of raw materials used to manufacture cement?
Calcareous & Argillaceous
60
D600G particles do what?
Form a film which coalesces and makes the cement matrix impermeable.
61
Name two fine components in LiteCRETE blend.
D163 & D178
62
What are 4 applications of rheology?
1. Determine correct rate for mud removal. 2. To evaluate slurry mixability and pumpability. 3. Calculate HHP Requirement. 4. Estimate friction pressure.
63
Name three statements regarding turbulent flow.
1. Easily achieved at low flow rates. 2. The turbulent flow has a swirling motion. 3. The swirling motion can erode the filter cake at the well bore.
64
D600G Slurries fall under which category?
Impermeable cements
65
What is the pressure limitation of LiteCRETE using LITEFILL (in psi)?
Was 5000 psi, new API says 3000 psi.
66
What is the D-code for EasyBLOK?
D400

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