Midterms reviewer Flashcards
The relationship between linguistic signs (e.g., words) and their meanings is arbitrary, meaning there is no inherent connection between the sound of a word and its referent
Arbitariness
is the vowel-like sound responding to human sounds more definite
Cooing/Pre talking stage
refers to the ability to use language to refer to things not present in the immediate environment,
Displacement
infants produce as consonant-vowel combinations
babbling stage
where a small set of discrete units (phonemes) is combined to form a larger set of meaningful units (morphemes and words).
Duality of patterning
is the mini sentences with simple semantic relations. As Fromkin (1983:329) states that children begin to form actual two-word sentences
Two word stage
proposes that the ability to acquire language is innate and biologically wired in the human brain
nativist approach by noam chomsky
a set of inherent linguistic structures and principles common to all human languages.
Universal grammar
is the children‟s first single word which represent to a sentence.
Holophrastic
Swiss psychologist placed acquisition of language within the context of a child’s mental or cognitive development
Jean piaget
When the child begins to produce utterances that are longer than two words, these utterances appear to be “sentence-like”; they have hierarchical, constituent structures similar to the syntactic structures found in the sentences produced by adult grammar.
Telegraphic
at this stage is fastest increase in vocabulary with many new additions everyday; no babbling at all; u
Later multiword stage
He first suggested social Interactionist Theory
Jerome Bruner
he is best known for his contributions to classical conditioning
Ivan pavlov
He claims that children are biologically programmed for language and that language develops in the child in just the same way that other biological functions develop.
Noam Chomsky
She demonstrated that children learn language not as a series of separate discrete items, but as an integrated system
Jean Berko
He is the founder of behaviorist theory
John B Watson
He is the proponent of Connectionism (Law of Learning)
Edward Thorndike
He considers all learning to be the establishment of habits as a result of reinforcement and reward
BF Skinner
He emphasized the importance of the cultural and social context in language learning.
Lev Vygotsky
is the central idea behind the behavioristic theory in language acquisition
Imitation And innateness
It is actually a theory of native language learning, advanced in part as a reaction to traditional grammar
Behaviorist Theory
It claims that the linguistic stimulus elicits a mediating response
Mediation theory
It is a method of learning that uses reward and punishment to modify behaviour.
Operant Conditioning
- It is a theory that states behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one
Classical conditioning
It emphasizes the social context and the role of interaction in language acquisition.
Social interactionist approach
It is the difference between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with the help of a more knowledgeable person.
Zone of proximal development
this theory of language acquisition suggest that language is acquired through social interaction.
Functional
This pacesetters development is paced by the growth of conceptual and communicative capacities
level ito
on the functional level
This pacesetters development is paced by the growth of perceptual and information-processing capacities
level ito
on the formal level
- It has a stronger impact on memory formation
emotion
The ability to comprehend and produce language, involving various cognitive processes like phonological processing, syntactic analysis, and semantic interpretation.
Language Processing
It allows individuals to make sense of the world by recognizing and interpreting stimuli such as visual images, sounds, and tactile sensations.
Perception
Primarily associated with language production and speech formation.
Brocas area
Mainly involved in language comprehension
Wernicke’s area
facilitates the transfer of information between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, playing a crucial role in the integration of language comprehension and production.
Arcuate fasciculus
Processes auditory information, including speech sounds. It is essential for initial sound processing before higher-order language processing occurs
Primary auditory cortex
reading, writing, and comprehension. Damage to this area can affect reading and mathematical abilities
Angular gyrus
It plays a role in phonological processing, particularly in tasks involving articulation and pronunciation of words
Supramarginal Gyrus
It controls voluntary movements, including the articulation of speech. The motor cortex works in conjunction with Broca’s area to produce coordinated speech.
Primary Motor Crtex
