MIDTERMS MUTHERFUCKER Flashcards by Lixette Anne Padilla | Brainscape

Q

A liquid connective tissue

A

Blood

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Q

Three kinds of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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Q

Kinds of leukocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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Q

Fcns of blood

A

Transports oxygen and CO2 throughout the body

Defense pf the bodies against infections and other foreign materials

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Q

All blood cells are produced in ___ and they arise from a single type of cell called _____

A

Bone marrow, multipotent stem cell

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Q

Attached to osteoblasts lining the inner surface of bone cavities

A

Stem cells

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Q

Two progeny

A

More stem cells

Cells that begin to differentiate along the oaths leading to the various kinds of blood cells

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Q

The major cytokine in stimulating bone marrow stem cells to produce lymphocytes

A

Interleukin 7 (IL7)

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Q

Produced by kidneys. Enhances production of RBC

A

Erythropoietin (epo)

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Q

Assisted by interleukin. Stimulates production of megakaryocytes and its fragmentation produces platelets

A

Thrombopoeitin

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Q

Participates in the differentiation of most of the wbc but plays a particularly permanent role in the formation of basophils

A

IL3

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Q

No longer needed protein are expelled in this vesicle

A

Exosome

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Q

4 polypeptide of hemoglobin

A

2 alpha chains 141 aa
2 beta chains 146 aa

EACH OF THIS IS ATTACHED TO HEME

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Q

They participate in protecting the body from infection.

A

Wbc

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Q

Responsible for making antibodies

A

B cells/ B lymphocytes

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Q

Helps bcell in producing antibodies

A

T helper cell

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Q

Kills tumor cells

A

Cytotoxic t lymphocytes

Q

When monocytes leave blood they become what

A

Macrophage

Q

Large phagocytic cells that engulf foreign materials that enter the body

A

Macrophage

Q

Kills the invaders and engulf the remnant of phagocytosis

A

Neutrophils

Q

They are cytotoxic, releasing the contents of their granules on the invader

A

Eosinophils

Q

They increase during infection

A

Basophils

Q

Cell fragments produced from megakaryotes

A

Platelets

Q

thick muscular, rhythmically contracting portion of the vascular system

A

Heart

Q

Layers of the walls of the heart

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Q

covers the inner surface of the atria and ventricles

- lined by endothelium (squamous epithelium)

A

Endocardium

Q

main mass of the heart

- consists of cardiac muscle cells arranged end to end into tracts, run in bundles (designed for contraction)

A

Myocardium

Q

visceral layer of the pericardium

- lined by a layer of mesothelial cells

A

Epicardium

Q

space bet. epicardium and parietal pericardium

- contains serous fluid (pericardial fluid)

A

Pericardial cavity

Q

modified cardiac muscle fibers that make up the AV bundle and its branches

A

Puriinje fiber

Q

fibrous portion of the interventricular septum

A

Septum membranaceum

Q

thickened area of tissue between the aortic ring and the atrioventricular ring

A

Trigone fibrosa

Q

principal attachment of the muscle fibers of the atria and ventricles
- attachment of AV valves

A

Annuli fibrosa

Q

collection of atypical muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium where the rhythm of cardiac contraction is usually established
- also referred to as the pacemaker of the heart

A

sa node

Q

collection of cardiac fibers at the base of the interatrial septum that transmits the cardiac impulse initiated by the sinoatrial node

A

Av node

Q

band of cardiac muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles of the heart

A

Bundle of his

Q

conduct blood from the heart to all organs

A

Conducting arteries

Q

walls are made of fenestrated elastic membranes

A

Elastic arteries

Q

walls are thick, mostly made up of muscle in the T. media

A

Muscular arteries

Q

distribute blood to different organs

A

disturbing arteries

Q

Warm, humidifyand clean the air

A

Conducting portion

Q

Exchange of blood between blood and alveoli

A

Respiratory portion