midterms - module 1-2 Flashcards
Who defined curriculum as a continuous reconstruction, moving from the child’s present experience to organized bodies of truth?
John Dewey (1902)
Who described curriculum as the entire range of experiences, both directed and undirected, unfolding individual abilities?
Franklin Bobbitt (1918)
Who defined curriculum as a succession of lifelike experiences helping learners meet and control life situations?
Harold O. Rugg (1927)
Who stated that curriculum includes all experiences children have under the guidance of teachers and is a process?
Hollis Caswell in Caswell & Campbell (1935)
Who defined curriculum as all the experiences children have under the guidance of teachers?
Hollis Caswell & Doak Campbell (1935)
Who described curriculum as the learnings each child selects, accepts, and incorporates to act upon in future experiences?
Thomas Hopkins (1941)
Who defined curriculum as all learning experiences planned and directed by the school to attain its educational goals?
Ralph Tyler (1957)
Who stated that curriculum includes all experiences of the child for which the school accepts responsibility?
W. B. Ragan (1960)
Who described curriculum as a sequence of content units arranged for sequential mastery of learning?
Robert Gagne (1967)
Who defined curriculum as all planned learning outcomes for which the school is responsible?
James Popham & Eva Baker (1970)
Who described curriculum as the actual experiences and perceptions of a learner’s education?
Glen Hass (1987)
Who defined curriculum as the reconstruction of knowledge and experience to enable intelligent control of learning?
Daniel Tanner & Laurel Tanner (1995)
Who stated that curriculum refers to a written plan outlining what students will be taught?
J. L. McBrien & R. Brandt (1997)
Who defined curriculum as all student experiences improving critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and communication?
D. F. Brown (2006)
Who emphasized that 21st-century curriculum focuses on what students can do with knowledge, not just what they know?
E. Silva (2009)
Who defined curriculum as the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, and assessment processes?
Indiana Department of Education (2010)
