Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLSP > MIDTERMS: EPIDEMIOLOGY > Flashcards

MIDTERMS: EPIDEMIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

the word epidemiology comes from the Greek words

A

EPI- on or upon
DEMOS- people
LOGOS- study of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the distribution and determinants of health- related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems

A

Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Study of ecology of health and disease, and the application of knowledge gained to promote health and control diseases.

A

Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Study of interrelationship of factors in particular areas in the field of health, and the application of the results of such studies to influence such factors to achieve a given outcome

A

Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

traditional epidemiologic triad model holds that infectious diseases result from the interaction of agent, host, and environment.

A

chain of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F

Transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Any element, substance, or force whether living or non-living, the presence or absence which can initiate or perpetuate a disease process.

A

Agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Could be physical and mechanical in nature
} Chemicals
} Exogenous
} Endogenous

A

Agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical features, biologic requirements, chemical make-up, viability, and resistance.

A

Inherent Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

measures the ability of an agent when lodged in the body to set-up a specific reaction, local or general, clinical or sub-trial.

A

Pathogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

refers to the severity of the reaction produced and is usually measured in terms of fatality.

A

Virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the ability to stimulate the host to produce antibodies

A

Antigenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Refers to the reservoir and sources of infection and modes of transmission.

A

Characteristics in relation to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.

A

reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Includes humans, animals and the environment

A

reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F
The reservoir may or may not be the source from which an agent is transferred to a host.

A

True

17
Q

Many common infectious diseases have human
reservoirs.

A

human reservoirs

18
Q

sexually transmitted diseases, measles, mumps, streptococcal infection, and many respiratory pathogens

A

human reservoirs

19
Q

Many of these diseases are transmitted from animal
to animal, with humans as incidental hosts.

A

animal reservoir

20
Q

refers to an infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

A

Zoonosis

21
Q

Plants, soil, and water in the environment are also
reservoirs for some infectious agents

A

Environmental reservoir

22
Q

Many fungal agents, such as those that cause histoplasmosis, live and multiply in the soil.

A

Environmental reservoir

23
Q

the path by which a pathogen leaves its host.

A

portal of exit

24
Q

usually corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized.

A

portal of exit

25
Q

occurs through skin- to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse.

A

direct contact

26
Q

T or F
Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms

A

True

27
Q

refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking.

A

droplet spread

28
Q

–T or F
Droplet spread is classified as direct because transmission is by direct spray over a few feet, before the droplets fall to the ground

A

True

29
Q

refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles), or animate intermediaries (vectors)

A

indirect transmission

30
Q

occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air.

A

airborne transmission

31
Q

T or F

–Airborne dust includes material that has settled on surfaces and become resuspended by air currents as well as infectious particles blown from the soil by the wind.

A

True

32
Q

may indirectly transmit an infectious agent include food, water, biologic products (blood), and fomites (inanimate objects such as handkerchiefs, bedding, or surgical scalpels).

A

vehicle borne

33
Q

T or F
Vector-borne such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may carry an infectious agent through purely mechanical means or may support growth or changes in the agent.

A

True

34
Q

refers to the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host

A

portal of entry

35
Q

T or F

The portal of entry must provide access to tissues in which the pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act.

A

True

36
Q

final link in the chain of infection is a susceptible host.

A

host

37
Q

T or F

Susceptibility of a host depends on genetic or constitutional factors, specific immunity, and nonspecific factors that affect an individual’s ability to resist infection or to limit pathogenicity.

A

True

38
Q

T or F

An individual’s genetic makeup may either increase or decrease susceptibility.

A

True

39
Q

Interventions are directed at?

A

Controlling or eliminating agent at
source of transmission
Protecting portals of entry
Increasing host’s defenses

MLSP (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions