MIDTERMS - Day 1 - Geomorphology Flashcards
It is a wind-eroded depression in the side of a cliff of a homogenous rock type, typically acted upon by wind abrasion of sand particles and/or by salt erosions.
Alcoves and Yardang Windows
It is formed when weathering, together with mass collapse (and in arid areas with wind erosion), creates a tunnel through a slab of rock; an aeolian landform.
Rock Arch and Window
It is a deeply incised, steep-sided river valley, where mesa, butte and chimneys are common.
Canyon
It is a large area of sand dunes.
Erg
It is also a pericline; formed by tectonic warping, igneous intrusions, or diapir (magmatic or salt).
Dome
What is the direction of the North Bohol Fault in Inabanga?
Reverse Dextral
At what age did the major kinematics of the Philippines occur?
Late Miocene
When was the last Ice Age?
Pleistocene
When is the age of flowering plants (angiosperms)?
Cretaceous
This is also known as the age of trilobites.
Cambrian
This is also known as the age of ammonites.
Jurassic-Cretaceous
This is also known as the age of fishes.
Devonian
This is a compound alluvial fan where neighboring alluvial fans converge into a single apron of deposits against a slope; also known as a coalescence of alluvial fans.
Bajada
What do you call submarine, circular, steep-sided holes formed by a sinkhole? This usually occurs in coral reefs.
Blue Hole
A butte is a small, steep-sided, flat-topped hill, built of flat-lying soft rocks capped by a more resistant layer of _______, _______, or _______, surrounded by a plain.
sedimentary rock, lava flow or duricrust
A bajada may contain very shallow lakes. What do you call these lakes?
Playas
Both cuesta and hogback are asymmetrical upland features that are usually associated with gently dipping rocks and comprising a steep scarp slope (or escarpment). How do they differ?
Cuesta’s dip slope is usually less than 30 degrees, while hogback is greater than 30 degrees. Cuesta also only has one side that is steep, while both sides of hogback are steep.
It is a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel that are frequently several km long and are somewhat like railroad embankments.
Esker
This is made up of unsorted and unstratified sand and gravel, basically the opposite of esker.
Till
Both fault scarp and fault line scarp are steep slopes coinciding with the line of a fault. How do they differ?
Fault scarp is fresh, while fault line scarp is weathered.
What is the age of the universe?
13.7 BYA
What is the age of the solar system?
4.6 BYA
These are generally formed by the erosion of fault-bounded mountain ranges, and are arguably one of the most prominent geomorphic features on active normal fault scarps.
Triangular Facets/Triangular-shaped Facets
These are areas covered by large angular blocks (formed in situ), traditionally believed to have been created by freeze-thaw action.
Felsenmeer or Blockfield
Felsenmeer is a German term which means what?
Sea of Rocks
This is a type of sinkhole that is characterized by fissure enlargement, surface corrosion, and minor collapse.
Solution Doline
This is a type of sinkhole that is characterized by caves and fallen blocks from a sudden/progressive collapse.
Collapse Doline
This type of sinkhole is characterized by a cohesive soil that collapsed due to a fissure or cave beneath it.
Dropout Doline
This is a type of sinkhole that features a possible compaction depression underlying a fissure or cave.
Buried Doline
This is a type of sinkhole that is characterized by a stoping collapse.
Caprock Doline
This is a type of sinkhole that is characterized by a non-cohesive soil that washes into a fissure or cave.
Suffosion Doline
This is a distinctive feature found in karst landscapes that refers to the flat, exposed surface of a limestone or other soluble rock formation.
Clint
This is a deep, narrow fissure or crack that intersect the clint pavement, creating a fascinating contrast between the exposed flat surfaces and the crevices.
Grike/Bogaz
It is a small closed depression on horizontal and gently inclined rock surfaces.
Gnamma
This is a term used to describe a mountain top that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering.
Glacial Horn
It is a tall, thin spire of soft (sedimentary) rock topped by harder, more resistant stone that protects each column from erosion.
Hoodoo/Demoiselle/Earth Pyramid/Fairy Chimney/Tent Rock
This is a large, perennial, conical, ice-cored mounds that are common in some low-lying permafrost areas dominated by fine-grained sediments, with the ice forming from injected water.
Hydrolaccoliths
Other term for hydrolaccoliths?
Pingo