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DINA'S STUDYING FLASHCARDS > MIDTERMS 9th: U.S. HISTORY (Honors) > Flashcards

MIDTERMS 9th: U.S. HISTORY (Honors) Flashcards

1
Q

Which constitutional amendment ended slavery?

A

The 13th Amendment

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2
Q

What were Jim Crow laws?

A

Jim Crow laws were a group of state laws that allowed racial segregation.

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3
Q

After the Civil War, many formerly enslaved African Americans earned a living by becoming?

A

Sharecroppers

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4
Q

What were the TWO main goals of Reconstruction AND were these goals achieved?

A

-rebuild the south
-assimilate former slaves in society
-no

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5
Q

How did the Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction differ from the plans created by Presidents Lincoln and Johnson?

A

Presidents Lincoln and Johnson’s plan was very forgiving and lenient, while the Radical Republicans felt like the south needed punishment for what they did.

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6
Q

What was the compromise of 1877 and how did it impact Reconstruction?

A

The compromise of 1877 was the democrats agreed to give Hayes the victory in the election if he didn’t win and in return the new president would agree to remove federal troops in the south.
-This ended reconstruction

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7
Q

What were ways that African-Americans were denied the ability to vote?

A

-They were given a literacy test
-poll tax
-kan klux klan,violence, intimidation

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8
Q

In the case of _______________________________, the Supreme Court established the “separate but equal” doctrine, upholding segregation.

A

plessy vs ferguson

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9
Q

Define Scalawags

A

White southerner who supported reconstruction policies.

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10
Q

Define Carpetbaggers

A

A northerner who moved to the south during reconstruction.

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11
Q

14th Amendment

A

Anyone born in the U.S is a citizen

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12
Q

15th Amendment

A

It grants that all male citizens no matter what race can vote

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13
Q

What were the three main goals of labor unions during the industrial era?

A

-higher wages
-shorter working hours
-better working conditions

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14
Q

Why are industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie described as robber barons by some and as captains of industry by others?

A

Because they all did stuff that robber barons would do and also did stuff that captains of industry would do.

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15
Q

What were the THREE push and THREE pull factors that encouraged large numbers of people to immigrate to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A

Push: Economic Hardships, Religious oppression, War
Pull: Economic opportunities, Political and religious freedom, Family Reunification

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16
Q

Old immigrants mainly came from countries in ________________ & ________________ Europe. New immigrants mainly came from countries in ___________________ & _____________________ Europe.

A
  1. North, West
  2. South,East
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17
Q

What do supporters of laissez-faire believe about the role the government should play in regulating the economy?

A

That the government should not interfere at all.

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18
Q

Define nativism:

A

Having extreme pride in one’s nation,oppose immigration

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19
Q

How does the Chinese Exclusion Act demonstrate an increase in nativism in the US?

A

Americans feared that the Chinese were becoming successful so they took away jobs because they saw the Chinese people a threat to their country.

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20
Q

The processing center for the vast majority of immigrants arriving on the East Coast was?

A

Ellis Island

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21
Q

The processing center for the vast majority of immigrants arriving on the West Coast was?

A

Angel Island

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22
Q

During this period there was a dramatic increase in people living in rural/urban areas (circle one).

A

Urban Areas

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23
Q

What is a muckraker?

A

Muckrakers are people who would try to expose corrupt people for their wrong doings. (usually in politics)

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24
Q

True or False? Progressives believed that the government should be less accountable to its citizens.

A

False

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25
Q

What problems did the following muckrakers expose?
a. Jacob Riis
b. Lincoln Steffens
c. Upton Sinclair

A

a. Jacob Riis- Poor conditions of tenement housings in NYC

b. Lincoln Steffens-Political machines manipulate the government. for personal gain.

c. Upton Sinclair- Exposed conditions in the meatpacking industry in Chicago.
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26
Q

Who wrote The Jungle and what two laws were passed because of this book?

A

-Upton Sinclair
-Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act

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27
Q

Which term describes a company that completely controls a particular industry?

A

A monopoly

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28
Q

What effect did the Bessemer Process have on Industrialization

A

Making steel cost-effective and mass-produced.

29
Q

What industry did each of the following people influence:
a. Cornelius Vanderbilt
b. John D. Rockefeller
c. Andrew Carnegie
d. J.P. Morgan

A

a. Cornelius Vanderbilt- Railroads
b. John D. Rockefeller- Oil
c. Andrew Carnegie- Steel
d. J.P. Morgan-Banking

30
Q

What did each of the following amendments do?
a.16th
b. 17th
c. 18th
d. 19th

A

16th - gave Congress the power to impose an income tax
17th-required the direct election of senators;
18th-banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
19th-Woman right to vote

31
Q

What is the relationship between the rapid growth of US industry and US imperialism?

A

-economic interest
-the rapid industrial growth created economic pressures and opportunities that drove the U.S. to pursue imperialistic policies, expanding its influence and control globally.

32
Q

What were the arguments for and against American imperialism?
a. For:
b. Against:

A

For: -helps national resources, opens up markets to sell goods, makes you a stronger country;more territory

Against: -Influencing a culture;forcing them to grow crops that don’t help them, forced to do stuff,

Economic costs, Moral and ethical concerns, Racial and Cultural Tensions

33
Q

Why did the US promote the Open Door Policy in China?

A

-Open door means anyone can walk in can open door
-All countries are imperialistic
-Equal trades amongst all countries in countries
-All nations have equal assets in china

34
Q

Name the president associated with each foreign policy style:
a. Big Stick Policy
b. Dollar Diplomacy
c. Moral Diplomacy

A

a. Big Stick Policy-President theodore roosevelt
b. Dollar Diplomacy- President Taft
c. Moral Diplomacy- President Woodrow Wilson

35
Q

What were the causes of the Spanish-American War?

A

-It fought in Cuba and philippines
- Spain controlled Cuba and the Philippines so the treatment of Cuba by the Spanish government was terrible. So U.S. rose up and fought a war
Some economic interest ; crops
-Ship Maine
-Yellow Journalism

36
Q

What were the results of the Spanish-American War?

A

The U.S. won the Spanish-American War and they made a peace treaty that would relinquish claims in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States.

37
Q

The assassination of ______________________________________________________ sparked World War I.

A

Archduke of France

38
Q

Which countries were part of the two alliances in WWI:
Central Powers:
Allied Powers:

A

Central Powers: Germany, Ottoman Empire and Austria Hungary
Allied Powers: Britain, France, United States and Russia

39
Q

Describe how each of the four long-term causes of WWI led to war:
a. Militarism:
b. Alliance System:
c. Nationalism:
d. Imperialism:

A

a. Militarism: Getting ready for war
b. Alliance system:Promise to defend another country, U.S
c. Nationalism: Have extreme in pride for country,
d. Imperialism:
-trying to build an empire
-rivalries for colonies and resources

40
Q

Great Britain declared war on Germany after German troops marched through neutral ____________.

A

Belgium

41
Q

Which of the Allies suffered the fewest casualties in WWI?

A

The United States

42
Q

What was President Wilson’s position on the war when it began in 1914? How had his position changed by 1917?

A

-At first, he believed in neutrality and that the U.S. should stay out of it.
-Then when the sinking of Lusitania occurred as well as the Zimmerman telegram, pusheed Wilson towards supporting the Allies.

43
Q

What was the message contained in the Zimmerman telegram? What was the impact of the telegram?

A

-The message in the Telegram was that Germany proposed a military alliance against the United States.
-It caused the U.S. to join the war on the side of the Allies

44
Q

What reasons did the US have for going to war in 1917?

A

-Zimmerman note
-Propaganda by Allies
-Sinking of the Lusitania
_Loans made to allied countries
-Germany breaking sussex pledge

45
Q

On what grounds was Charles Schenck’s conviction upheld in Schenck v. United States?

A

The anti-draft speech made an example of a “clear and present danger” to the success of the war effort.

46
Q

The “Big Four” included Great Britain, the United States, ___________________, and Italy.

A

France

47
Q

Describe at least 3 ways that Americans on the home front supported the war effort.

A

-Buying War bonds

-Rationing and Conservation

-Working in War Industries.

48
Q

Which country was most damaged by warfare along the Western Front?

A

France

49
Q

What type of warfare resulted in long stalemates along the Western Front?

A

Trench Warfare

50
Q

Which military technologies were first used in WW1?

A

Machine guns, poison gas, warplanes, tanks, and U-boats.

51
Q

In what ways was the Treaty of Versailles designed to punish and weaken Germany?

A

-gave germany lots of debt
-lessened land
-lessened army
-made germany accept blame for war

52
Q

What was the ultimate fate of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States?

A

-Never ratified by the U.S. senate
-There was significant opposition worried about the loss of U.S. sovereignty
-Treaty rejected

53
Q

What forbade the use of disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the US government during WW I?

A

-Sedition Act of 1918- Made illegal for any public expression of opposition to the war.
-Violate 1st amendment

54
Q

What did each of the following government agencies do during WW I?
a. Selective Service Act
b. Committee on Public Information
c. War Industries Board
d. Food Administration
e. National War Labor Board

A

Selective Service Act?- Gave U.S. manpower because of the drafts.

Committee on Public Information- Gained support for the war effort

War Industries Board-To coordinate the production of War materials and supplies

Food Administration - Ensuring a good food supply for both the U.S. and its allies

National War Labor Board- To make sure there weren’t any strikes or disputes that might hinder the war effort.

55
Q

Palmer Raids

A

-A series of government actions aimed at arresting and deporting radical leftists and archists from the U.S.

-Who supported communism and tried to deport them.

56
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti

A

-Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrants and anarchists who were convicted of robbery and murder and were sentenced to the chair in the 20s.
-Their case was very controversial because the trial was unfair and evidence was flimsy
-Many believed it was because of their political beliefs and immigrant status.
-Example of how we did not like immigrants

57
Q

Flappers

A

-Young generation of women who wore short skirts, bob haircuts, listened to Jazz, and flaunted their disdain.
-They challenged traditional views of woman

58
Q

The reason for the Great Migration during the 1920’s

A

-Economic Opportunities for African Americans

-To escape racism and segregation

-Educational opportunities

  • World War 1 Impact: Many African Americans were relied on to fill in the jobs of those who are out on war duty.
59
Q

Harlem Renaissance and Jazz Age

A

-The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural,social, and artistic explosion that happened primarily in Harlem in New York City.

60
Q

21st Amendment

A

Repeal of prohibition

61
Q

Scopes Trial

A

-Scopes Trial revolved around Scopes, a highschool teacher, who was accused of violating the Tennessee’s Butler Act, which made it illegal to teach human evolution to state-funded schools.
-Shows the new way of thinking as opposed to traditional ways
-1920s people are starting to be more liberal on how they dress or think

62
Q

Buying on Margin

A

-Where investors borrow money from a broker to purchase stocks.
-One of the causes of the Great Depression

63
Q

Causes of the Great Depression.

A

-Bank Failures
-Stock Market Crash of 1929
-Buying on Margin
-Reduction in Consumer Spending
-Dust Bowl made things worse

64
Q

Hoovervilles

A

Homeless people that build shanty houses, with shacks of tar paper, cardboard, or scrap material.

65
Q

What was President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression.

A

-At first he thought that the government should not get involved so he did nothing.
-he thought it would work itself out.

66
Q

FDR’s (Roosevelt) response to the Great Depression

A

-Roosevelt’s response to the Great Depression was to make programs collectively known as the New Deal.
-Passed hundreds of bills

67
Q

Goals of the New Deal Programs

A
  • The goals of the New Deal Program was to provide Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
68
Q

Critics of the New Deal

A

-some programs were too unconstitutional, did not help minority groups
-It doesn’t get us out of the depression
-spend to much money, than they bring
- government was too involved

69
Q

Who was the president at the start of the great depression?

A

Hoover

DINA'S STUDYING FLASHCARDS (9 decks)

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