midterms Flashcards
- an evaluation of work areas, instruments and apparatus, floors, sinks, faucet handles, drawer fonts, doorknobs, telephones, light switches, refrigerator, etc. for the presence of radioactive contamination
survey
- provide a direct measure of area radiation levels and detect the presence of radioactive material inadvertently spilled on a person, surface, or piece of equipment
radiation survey
can be readily removed using destructive decontamination procedures.
removable contamination
cannot be readily decontaminated. For instance, contamination that has chemically bonded to a surface is fixed.
fixed contamination
can identify gross contamination (total contamination consisting of both fixed and removable contamination) but will detect only certain radioisotopes
meter survey, geiger muller
Using wipes counted on a liquid scintillation counter or a gamma counter, can identify removable contamination only but will detect most radioisotopes
Wipe Survey
A cotton swab or filter paper may be used to wipe the surface of the target area.
Wipe approx. ____ of the surface.
100cm2
- limited access areas in which occupational exposure of personnel to radiation is under the supervision of an individual in charge of radiation protection.
- implies that access, occupancy, and working conditions are controlled for radiation protection purposes
- usually in the immediate areas where x-ray equipment is used, such as x-ray procedure rooms and x-ray control booths or other areas that require control of access, occupancy, and working conditions for radiation protection purposes.
- workers in these areas are primarily radiologists and radiographers who are specifically trained in the use of ionizing radiation and whose radiation exposure is usually individually monitored
- should be directed by appropriate signs and posters for safety purposes. If possible, the controlled area should be guarded by people in the department.
- Examples are the treatment control room and other areas near to the treatment room may also be designated as ____ areas.
controlled area
- defined as any area not designed as a controlled area, but which occupational exposure conditions are kept under review even though specific protective measures and safety provisions are not normally needed.
- These areas will be designated with the careful evaluation of dose rate in particular areas.
- ex. hallways, reading room
supervised area
- all other areas in hospital or clinic, and the surrounding environment
- those occupied by individuals such as patients, visitors to the facility, and employees who do not work routinely with or around radiation sources. Areas adjacent but not part of the x-ray facility is also uncontrolled areas
- ex. lobby, entrance of hospital
uncontrolled area
- area, accessible to individuals in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving an equivalent dose in excess of 1mSv in an hour at 30 cm from radiation source or 30cm from any surface that the radiation penetrates;
- Individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (1mSv) in 1hr at 30 cm
high radiation area
- area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving an equivalent dose in excess of 0.05 mSv in an hour at 30 cm from the radiation source or from any surface that the radiation penetrates.
radiation area
radiation level at package surface is less than or equal to 0.5 mr/hr
Radioactive White - I Label
radiation label at package surfaceis greater than 0.5 mr/hr but less than or eq ual to 50.0 mr/hr
Radioactive Yellow - II Label
used to survey high energy beta and gamma emitters such as Co-60, Zn-65, Cs-137, and U-238; can also be used to identify areas heavily contaminated with moderate energy betas, such as C-14 or S-3
G-M Survey Meter
