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protection > INTRO > Flashcards

INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

energy emitted and transferred through space than can either be in
the form of waves or particles is called ____

A

radiation

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2
Q

Natural or Background Radiation

A
  1. Terrestrial
  2. Cosmic
  3. Internal Radiation from
    Radioactive atoms
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3
Q

Man-made or Artificial

A
  1. Air Travel
  2. Nuclear Fuel
  3. Consumer products containing
    radioactive materials
  4. Nuclear testing and Accidents
  5. Medical
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4
Q

have always been a part of the human environment since the formation of the universe.

A

Natural or Background Radiation

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5
Q

from radioactive materials in the crust of the earth. Radioactive
material is also found throughout nature such as in soil, water, and vegetation.

A

Terrestrial

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6
Q

major isotopes of concern for terrestrial radiation are Uranium and the decay products of uranium, such as

A

Thorium, Radium, and Radon

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7
Q
  • radiation from the sun (solar) and beyond the solar system (galactic)
  • sun and stars send a constant stream of cosmic radiation to Earth, much like a steady drizzle of rain.
A

cosmic

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8
Q

Radiation has always been present in our body and the everyday we use.

A

Internal Radiation from
Radioactive atoms

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9
Q

Ionizing radiation created by humans for various uses

A

Man made or artificial

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10
Q

Develop over a long period of time
Due to both high and low exposures to ionizing radiation

A

LATE EFFECTS OF RADIATION

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11
Q

2 types of late effects of radiation

A

somatic and genetic

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12
Q

Effect is seen in the
EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL

A

Somatic

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13
Q

occur in future generations as a
result of damage to the germ cells

A

Genetic

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14
Q
  • also referred to as the statistical response
  • increasing the dose increases the probability of damage, but the
    severity of the effect is independent of the dose
  • Cancer induction and genetic effects are __
    -governed by probability
A

Stochastic (Probabilistic) Effect

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15
Q
  • health effect that requires a specific level of exposure to ionizing
    radiation before it can occur is called a _. severity of a
  • increases as the dose of exposure increases and considers a minimum threshold, below which no detectable clinical
    effects occur.
  • Examples are radiation burns, cataracts, erythema, fibrosis, and
    hematopoietic damage
A

Deterministic (Non Stochastic)
Effect

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16
Q

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
RADIATION PROTECTION

A

Justification
Optimization
Dose Limits

17
Q

“Any decision that alters the radiation exposure situation should do more good than harm”
Does the benefit outweigh the risk?

A

Justification

18
Q

Exposure Justification can be CATEGORIZED and applied to:

A

Occupational Category
Public Category
Medical Category

19
Q

Exposure of workers incurred as a result of their work

A

Occupational Category

20
Q

Exposure of members of the public other than occupational
and medical exposures, and not including the normal local natural background radiation

A

Public Category

21
Q

Exposure of patients as part of their diagnosis or treatment,
volunteers helping in the support and comfort of patients, and volunteers in
biomedical research

A

Medical Category

22
Q

Exposure can also be identified regarding the SITUATION:

A

Planned Exposure Situation
Existing Exposure Situation
Emergency Situation

23
Q

Situations where radiological protection can be
planned in advance, and exposures can be reasonably predicted

A

Planned Exposure Situation

24
Q

Situations that already exist when a decision on control has to be taken

A

Existing Exposure Situation

25
Q

Unexpected situations that may require urgent protective
actions

A

Emergency Situation

26
Q
  • source-related and apply in all exposure situation
  • number of people exposed, and the magnitude of their individual doses should all be kept as low as
    reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal
    factors
  • maximizing the margin of benefit over harm
A

Optimization

27
Q

refers to how long an individual is
exposed to ionizing radiation

A

time

27
Q

“Doses should all be kept as low as reasonably
achievable, taking into account economic and
societal factors”

A

Optimization

28
Q

refers to the distance of the
subject to the source of radiation

A

distance

29
Q

provides a barrier between you and the source of the radiation.

A

shielding

30
Q
  • individual-related and applies in planned exposure situations
  • concepts of dose constraint and reference level are used in conjunction
    with the optimization of protection to restrict individual doses
A

dose limitation

31
Q

Level of dose in
planned exposure
situations with the
exception of
medical exposure of
patients

A

Dose Constraint

32
Q

Level of dose in
emergency
exposure situations
and existing
exposure
situations.

A

Reference Level

33
Q

used in medical diagnosis
to indicate whether, in
routine conditions, the
levels of patient dose or
administered activity from
a specified imaging
procedure are unusually
high or low for that
procedure.

A

Diagnostic Reference Level

34
Q

aims to reduce
unnecessary radiation exposure with a
goal to minimize the harmful effects of
ionizing radiation

A

radiation protection

35
Q

Radiation protection

A

protection (3 decks)

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