INTRO

Question 1

energy emitted and transferred through space than can either be in
the form of waves or particles is called ____

Answer 1

radiation

Question 2

Natural or Background Radiation

Answer 2

1. Terrestrial
2. Cosmic
3. Internal Radiation from
   Radioactive atoms

Question 3

Man-made or Artificial

Answer 3

1. Air Travel
2. Nuclear Fuel
3. Consumer products containing
   radioactive materials
4. Nuclear testing and Accidents
5. Medical

Question 4

have always been a part of the human environment since the formation of the universe.

Answer 4

Natural or Background Radiation

Question 5

from radioactive materials in the crust of the earth. Radioactive
material is also found throughout nature such as in soil, water, and vegetation.

Answer 5

Terrestrial

Question 6

major isotopes of concern for terrestrial radiation are Uranium and the decay products of uranium, such as

Answer 6

Thorium, Radium, and Radon

Question 7

• radiation from the sun (solar) and beyond the solar system (galactic)
• sun and stars send a constant stream of cosmic radiation to Earth, much like a steady drizzle of rain.

Answer 7

cosmic

Question 8

Radiation has always been present in our body and the everyday we use.

Answer 8

Internal Radiation from
Radioactive atoms

Question 9

Ionizing radiation created by humans for various uses

Answer 9

Man made or artificial

Question 10

Develop over a long period of time
Due to both high and low exposures to ionizing radiation

Answer 10

LATE EFFECTS OF RADIATION

Question 11

2 types of late effects of radiation

Answer 11

somatic and genetic

Question 12

Effect is seen in the
EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL

Answer 12

Somatic

Question 13

occur in future generations as a
result of damage to the germ cells

Answer 13

Genetic

Question 14

• also referred to as the statistical response
• increasing the dose increases the probability of damage, but the
  severity of the effect is independent of the dose
• Cancer induction and genetic effects are __
  -governed by probability

Answer 14

Stochastic (Probabilistic) Effect

Question 15

• health effect that requires a specific level of exposure to ionizing
  radiation before it can occur is called a _. severity of a
• increases as the dose of exposure increases and considers a minimum threshold, below which no detectable clinical
  effects occur.
• Examples are radiation burns, cataracts, erythema, fibrosis, and
  hematopoietic damage

Answer 15

Deterministic (Non Stochastic)
Effect

Question 16

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
RADIATION PROTECTION

Answer 16

Justification
Optimization
Dose Limits

Question 17

“Any decision that alters the radiation exposure situation should do more good than harm”
Does the benefit outweigh the risk?

Answer 17

Justification

Question 18

Exposure Justification can be CATEGORIZED and applied to:

Answer 18

Occupational Category
Public Category
Medical Category

Question 19

Exposure of workers incurred as a result of their work

Answer 19

Occupational Category

Question 20

Exposure of members of the public other than occupational
and medical exposures, and not including the normal local natural background radiation

Answer 20

Public Category

Question 21

Exposure of patients as part of their diagnosis or treatment,
volunteers helping in the support and comfort of patients, and volunteers in
biomedical research

Answer 21

Medical Category

Question 22

Exposure can also be identified regarding the SITUATION:

Answer 22

Planned Exposure Situation
Existing Exposure Situation
Emergency Situation

Question 23

Situations where radiological protection can be
planned in advance, and exposures can be reasonably predicted

Answer 23

Planned Exposure Situation

Question 24

Situations that already exist when a decision on control has to be taken

Answer 24

Existing Exposure Situation

Question 25

Unexpected situations that may require urgent protective actions

Answer 25

Emergency Situation

Question 26

- source-related and apply in all exposure situation - number of people exposed, and the magnitude of their individual doses should all be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors - maximizing the margin of benefit over harm

Answer 26

Optimization

Question 27

refers to how long an individual is exposed to ionizing radiation

Answer 27

time

Question 27

“Doses should all be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors”

Answer 27

Optimization

Question 28

refers to the distance of the subject to the source of radiation

Answer 28

distance

Question 29

provides a barrier between you and the source of the radiation.

Answer 29

shielding

Question 30

- individual-related and applies in planned exposure situations - concepts of dose constraint and reference level are used in conjunction with the optimization of protection to restrict individual doses

Answer 30

dose limitation

Question 31

Level of dose in planned exposure situations with the exception of medical exposure of patients

Answer 31

Dose Constraint

Question 32

Level of dose in emergency exposure situations and existing exposure situations.

Answer 32

Reference Level

Question 33

used in medical diagnosis to indicate whether, in routine conditions, the levels of patient dose or administered activity from a specified imaging procedure are unusually high or low for that procedure.

Answer 33

Diagnostic Reference Level

Question 34

aims to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure with a goal to minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation

Answer 34

radiation protection

Question 35

Radiation protection