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CA 1 > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Other names for sternum

A

Necktie
Dagger
Shield
Escutcheon

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2
Q

Function of sternum

A

Carina and Thymus

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3
Q

Parts of the Sternum

A

Manubrium
Body/Shaft
Xiphoid process

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4
Q

Vertebral landmark for Manubriosternal jt

A

T4-T5

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5
Q

Vertebral landmark for Carina

A

T4

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6
Q

Vertebral landmark for Suprasternal notch

A

T2

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7
Q

Vertebral landmark for Xiphoid process

A

T10

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8
Q

Dermatomal landmark for Xiphoid process

A

T7

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9
Q

Shape of clavicle

A

Long, flat, twisted, S-Shaped bone

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10
Q

Other names of the clavicle

A

Strut
Collar

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11
Q

Orientation of the medial 2/3 of the clavicle

A

Convex

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12
Q

Orientation of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

A

Concave

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13
Q

Congenital absence of bilateral clavicle

A

Cleidocranial Dysostosis

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14
Q

When does ossification of the clavicle begin?

A

7th month (3rd trimester)

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15
Q

Shape of the scapula

A

Flat and triangular

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16
Q

Other name of scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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17
Q

Parts of the scapula

A

Medial border
Lateral border
Superior border
Superior angle
Inferior border
Inferior angle
Glenoid fossa
Spine of scapula
Acromion
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
Coracoid process
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle

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18
Q

Vertebral landmark for Superior angle of scapula

A

T2

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19
Q

Vertebral landmark for Inferior angle of scapula

A

T7

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20
Q

Vertebral landmark for Spine of Scapula

A

T3

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21
Q

Largest, longest, and heaviest bone of the UE

A

Humerus

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22
Q

Parts of the humerus

A

Head
Neck
Medial lip
Lateral lip
Floor
Roof

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23
Q

What muscle inserts into the medial lip of the humerus?

A

Teres Major

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24
Q

What muscle inserts into the lateral lip of the humerus?

A

Pec Major

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25
Q

What muscle inserts into the floor of the humerus?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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26
Q

What ligaments insert into the roof of the humerus?

A

Transverse Humeral Ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament

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27
Q

What muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

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28
Q

What inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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29
Q

Characteristics of the medial condyle relative to the lateral condyle

A

Wider, longer, and more distal
Contains Trochlea

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30
Q

Characteristics of the lateral condyle relative to the medial condyle

A

More anterior
Contains capitulum

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31
Q

Mobile WAD of 3

A

Brachioradialis
ECRL
ECRB

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32
Q

What type of a joint is the SC joint?

A

Saddle/Sellar

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33
Q

DoF of SC jt

A

3 DoF

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34
Q

OPP of SC jt

A

Arms at side

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35
Q

CPP of SC jt

A

90 degrees ABD
Full elevate
Protract

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36
Q

Requirements for full elevation

A

Rotation of Clavicle
Inferior glide of humeral head
Scapular stabilization
ER of Humerus

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37
Q

What type of joint is the AC jt?

A

Modified plane jt

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38
Q

DoF of plane jt

A

3 DoF

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39
Q

OPP of AC jt

A

Arms at side

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40
Q

Ligaments of the AC joint

A

Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Coracoclavicular

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41
Q

Weakest ligament of the AC joint

A

Ac ligament

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42
Q

Parts of the CC ligament

A

Trapezoid
Conoid

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43
Q

What type of joint is the ST jt?

A

Functional and Modified planar joint

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44
Q

Shoulder rhythm

A

After 30 degree elev, there is 2:1 ratio between GH:ST

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45
Q

DDx for reverse shoulder rhythm

A

AdCap
RA
Scoliosis

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46
Q

What type of joint is the GH joint?

A

Ball-and-socket

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47
Q

OPP of GH joint

A

55 abduct
30 Horizontal Add

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48
Q

CPP of GH joint

A

Abduction
ER

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49
Q

Weak spot in between the superior and middle ligaments of GH joint that leads to anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Foramen of Weitbrecht

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50
Q

Weak spot in between the middle and inferior ligaments of GH joint that leads to inferior shoulder dislocation

A

Foramen of Rouviere

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51
Q

Ligaments of the GH joint

A

GH (Superior, Middle, Inferior)
Coracohumeral ligamentr

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52
Q

Actions of the subclavius

A

Stabilizes clavicular rotaiton

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53
Q

Innervation of subclavius

A

Nerve to subclavius

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54
Q

Innervation of the Pectoralis Major

A

Medial and Lateral pectoral nn

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55
Q

Fibers of the Pecs Major responsible for flexion

A

Clavicular head

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56
Q

Fibers of the Pecs Major responsible for extension

A

Sternocostal Head

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57
Q

Action of Pec Minor

A

Depresses scapula
Assists Pec Major

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58
Q

1st muscle to be innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Coracobrachialis

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59
Q

Strongest Rotator Cuff Muscle

A

Supraspinatus

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60
Q

Action of Supraspinatus

A

Initiates first 90 degrees of abduction

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61
Q

Innervation of Supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

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62
Q

Chief ER muscle

A

Infraspinatus

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63
Q

Innervation of Infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

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64
Q

Special test for Infraspinatus

A

Horn blower’s
Patte’s sign

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65
Q

Action of Teres Minor

A

ER

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66
Q

Innervation of Teres Minor

A

Axillary nn

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67
Q

Chief IR muscle

A

Subscapularis

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68
Q

Innervation of Subscapularis

A

Upper and Lower subscapular nerves

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69
Q

Insertion of the subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

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70
Q

Stabilizing muscles of the trunk

A

Serratus Ant
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboids
Lats Dorsi

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71
Q

Action of SA

A

Protraction/Scaption

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72
Q

What type of winging is there when there is affectation of the LTN?

A

Medial winging (Open book)

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73
Q

What surgery may lead to medial winging?

A

Radical Mastectomy

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74
Q

What type of winging is present when there is affectation of the CN XI

A

Lateral Winging (Sliding door)

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75
Q

What surgery may lead to Lateral winging?

A

Radial Neck Dissection

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76
Q

What type of winging is present when there is affectation of the rhomboids?

A

Posterior/Dorsal Scapular Tipping

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77
Q

What type of winging is present when there is affectation of the levator scapulae?

A

Posterior Scapular Winging

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78
Q

What postural problem may lead to dorsal scapular nerve impingement?

A

Pecs Minor tightness

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79
Q

Broadest muscle

A

Lats Dorsi

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80
Q

Crutch walking ms

A

Lats Dorsi

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81
Q

OKC action of Lats Dorsi

A

Extension
Adduction
IR

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82
Q

CKC action of Lats

A

Posterior Pelvic Rotation

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83
Q

Action of Teres Major

A

Extension
Adduction
IR

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84
Q

Innervation of the Teres Major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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85
Q

Action of anterior fibers of deltoids

A

Shoulder flex
Horizontal Add
IR

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86
Q

Action of middle fibers of deltoids

A

Shoulder abduction

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87
Q

Action of posterior fiber of deltoids

A

ER
Horizontal Abduction

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88
Q

Innervation of deltoids

A

Axillary nn

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89
Q

Nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5-C7

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90
Q

Nerve roots of the axillary nerve

A

C5-C6

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91
Q

Nerve roots of the median nerve

A

C5-T1

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92
Q

Nerve roots of the ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1

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93
Q

Nerve roots of the radial nerve

A

C5-C8

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94
Q

Components of the Cubital Fossa from lateral to medial

A

Brachioradialis
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Pronator Teres

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95
Q

Normal carrying angle for males

A

5-10 degrees

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96
Q

Normal carrying angle for females

A

10-15 degrees

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97
Q

What type of joint is the HU joint?

A

Modified Hinge/Modified Ginglymus joint

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98
Q

Articulation of the HU joint

A

Trochlea and Trochlear notch

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99
Q

Ligaments of the HU joint

A

MCL

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100
Q

Fibers of the MCL of the elbow

A

Anterior
Transverse
Posterior

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101
Q

What type of joint is the Humeroradial joint?

A

Modified Hinge/Ginglymus Joint

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102
Q

Ligament of the HR joint

A

LCL

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103
Q

Fibers of the HR joint

A

Lateral Radial
Lateral Ulnar

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104
Q

What type of joint is the PRU jt?

A

Pivot

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105
Q

Articulation of the PRU joint

A

Radial head and radial notch

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106
Q

Ligaments of the PRU joint

A

Annular
Oblique cord
Quadrate ligament

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107
Q

Shape of radial head

A

Convex

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108
Q

Shape of the radial notch

A

Concave

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109
Q

Chief forearm supinator muscle

A

Biceps brachii

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110
Q

Strongest elbow flexor

A

Biceps brachii

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111
Q

How to isolate biceps?

A

Shoulder and elbow flex c forearm supination

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112
Q

Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

A

coracoid process

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113
Q

Origin of the long head of the biceps brachii

A

supraglenoid tubercle

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114
Q

Position of the elbow when its 4x stronger

A

Elbow flexed at 90 degrees c supination

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115
Q

Position of the elbow wherein its 2x stronger

A

Elbow extended c supination

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116
Q

Weakest position of the biceps brachii

A

Full flexion c supination

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117
Q

Another name for Brachialis

A

Elbow flexor par excellence

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118
Q

Muscle that is present in all elbow joint positions

A

Brachialis

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119
Q

Supinator longus

A

Brachioradialis

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120
Q

Largest 2 jointed ms

A

Triceps brachii

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121
Q

Which head of the Triceps is the strongest ?

A

Lateral head

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122
Q

Origin of the long head of triceps

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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123
Q

Origin of the lateral head of the triceps

A

Upper half of the posterior surface of the humerus

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124
Q

Origin of the medial head of the triceps

A

Lower half of the posterior surface of the humerus

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125
Q

Insertion of triceps

A

Olecranon process

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126
Q

This muscle supports, assist, and maintains stability of elbow extension

A

Anconeus

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127
Q

Pronator that is active in all positions or speed

A

Pronator Teres

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128
Q

Pronator that is active in extension and slow pronation

A

Pronator Quadratus

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129
Q

When is radiocarpal joint active?

A

First 50 degrees of wrist flexion

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130
Q

When is the midcarpal joint active?

A

The remaining 35 degrees of wrist flexion after radiocarpal joint activation

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131
Q

Origin of extrinsic muscles

A

Forearm/Humerus

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132
Q

Origin of intrinsic muscles

A

Wrist and hand

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132
Q

Carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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132
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

Scaphoid

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132
Q

Navicular of the hand

A

Scaphoid

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133
Q

Floor of anatomical snuffbox

A

Scaphoid

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133
Q

Avascular necrosis of the Scaphoid

A

Preisser’s disease

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133
Q

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

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133
Q

Boundaries of the scaphoid

A

Lateral: APL, EPB
Medial: EPol

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134
Q

Bed of Pisiform

A

Triquetrum

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135
Q

Smallest carpal bone

A

Pisiform

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136
Q

What type of bone is the Pisiform?

A

Sesamoid bone

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137
Q

Another name for trapezium

A

Greater multangular

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138
Q

Lesser multangular

A

Trapezoid

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139
Q

Largest carpal bone

A

Capitate

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140
Q

Another name for capitate

A

Os Magnum

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141
Q

1st carpal bone to ossify

A

Capitate

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142
Q

Another name for Hamate

A

Unciform

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143
Q

Order of ossification of carpal bones

A

Capitate
Hamate
Triquetrum
Lunate
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Pisiform

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144
Q

How many months/years does it take for capitate to ossify?

A

6 mos

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145
Q

How many months/years does it take for Hamate to ossify?

A

7 mos

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146
Q

How many months/years does it take for Triquetrum to ossify

A

3 y/o

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147
Q

How many months/years does it take for Lunate to ossify

A

5 y/o

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148
Q

How many months/years does it take for Trapezium and Trapezoid to ossify?

A

6 y/o

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149
Q

How many months/years does it take for Pisiform to ossify?

A

12 y/o

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150
Q

What type of joint is the CMC joint?

A

Saddle

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151
Q

Articulation of the 1st CMC

A

Trapezium and 1st MTT

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152
Q

Flexor zones

A

1: insertion of FDP
2: insertion of FDS
3: neck of metacarpals
4: carpal tunnel
5: area proximal to wrist

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153
Q

Zone of no man’s island

A

Zone 2

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154
Q

Components of the carpal tunnel

A

4 FDP
4 FDS
1 median nn
1 FPL

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155
Q

Extensor Tunnel

A

1: APL EPB
2: ECRL ECRB
3: EPL
4: ED EI
5: EDM
6: ECU

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156
Q

Extensor tunnel affected during DQT

A

1

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157
Q

Extensor zones

A

1: DIP
2: Mid phalanx
3: PIP
4: Prox phalanx
5: MCP
6: Metacarpals
7: Carpals

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158
Q

most common type of dislocation

A

Anterior

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159
Q

m/c MOI on shoulder dislocations

A

Trauma
Overuse
Congenital abnormalities

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160
Q

m/c direction of dislocation of elbow

A

Posterior

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161
Q

m/c direction of dislocation of Lunate

A

Anterior

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162
Q

m/c direction of dislocation of Hip

A

Posterior

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163
Q

m/c direction of dislocation of Knee

A

Anterior

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164
Q

m/c direction of dislocation of Patella

A

Lateral

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165
Q

m/c direction of dislocation of Ankle

A

Posterior

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166
Q

Common S/SX of dislocation

A

Pain
Deformity
Swelling
LOM
Radiating numbness

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167
Q

Anteroinferior labral tearing resulting in pulling away of the labrum

A

Bankart lesion

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168
Q

Avulsion of the greater tuberosity that leads to posterolateral tear in the GH joint

A

Hill-Sachs lesion

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169
Q

A lesion in the shoulder that has posterior labral tearing and has possibly an axillary nn damage

A

Bennett’s lesion

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170
Q

An injury affecting the Biceps tendon that is caused by overuse activities leading to decreased overhead activities

A

SLAP lesion

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171
Q

Best position for shoulder dislocations

A

D2 ext

172
Q

Contraindicated position for shoulder dislocations

A

D2 flex

173
Q

Another name for Ad Cap

A

Frozen shoulder
Diabetes Periarthritis

174
Q

Most painful stage of Ad Cap

A

Freezing

175
Q

Stage of Ad Cap where there is most LOM

A

Frozen

176
Q

Stage of ad cap where there us no infalmmation, no pain but, has pain upon movement

A

Thawing

177
Q

Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is AC sprain but intact CC

A

I

178
Q

Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein AC is torn and there is CC sprain

A

II

179
Q

Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein both AC and CC are torn and CC is widened by 25-100%

A

III

180
Q

Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is presence of symptoms in classification III + clavicle id displaced posteriorly

A

IV

181
Q

Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is presence of symptoms in III + CC space widens to 100%; Trapezius and deltoids are detached

A

V

182
Q

Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is symptoms of III and clavicle is displaced inferiorly

A

VI

183
Q

most common cause of shoulder pain

A

Subacromial bursitis

184
Q

2nd most common cause of shoulder pain

A

Bicipital tendinitis

185
Q

Special tests for bicipital tendinitis

A

Speed’s
Yergason

186
Q

Other name for CPRS 2 CVA

A

Shoulder hand syndrome

187
Q

Stages of CRPS

A

I - acute
II - dystrophic
III - atrophic
IV - psychological

188
Q

An injury caused by impingement of the subclavian artery and brachial plexus

A

TOS

189
Q

Sites of impingement in TOS

A

Cervical rib (Rib at C7)
Between clavicle and first rib
Superior thoracic outlet
Scalene triangle (between anterior and middle scalene)

190
Q

Borders of the triangles of the neck

A

Anterior: medial neck line
Posterior: trapezius
Medial: Medial 1/3 of clavicle
Superior: Mandible

191
Q

Triangles divided by the inferior omohyoid

A

Occipital triangle and Suprascapular triangle

192
Q

Anterior triangles

A

Digastric/Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular

193
Q

Muscles affected in Lateral Epicondylitis

A

Mobile WAD of 3 + ED

194
Q

Muscles affected in Medial epicondyle

A

Pronator teres (m/c)
FCR

195
Q

An injury wherein the radial head is dislocated from the annular ligament

A

Nursemaid’s elbow

196
Q

Acute Olecranon Bursitis

A

Student’s elbow

197
Q

Chronic Olecranon Bursitis

A

Miner’s/Draftman’s elbow

198
Q

Another name for Anterior Forearm Compartment Syndrome

A

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture

199
Q

What motion is spared in Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture?

A

Extension

200
Q

MOI of Boxer’s elbow

A

Hyperextension of elbow and overload syndrome

201
Q

Another name for Boxer’s elbow

A

Thrower’s elbow

202
Q

Osteochondrosis/Osteochondritis/Necrosis of the Capitulum

A

Panner’s disease

203
Q

Avascular necrosis of Lunate

A

Kienbock’s

204
Q

Avascular necrosis of Avascular necrosis of Distal Lunate

A

Burns

205
Q

Avascular necrosis of Spine and vertebral endplates

A

Scheuermann’s

206
Q

Avascular necrosis of Vertebral body

A

Calves

207
Q

Avascular necrosis of Femoral head in children

A

LCPD

208
Q

Avascular necrosis of Femoral head in adult

A

Chandler

209
Q

Avascular necrosis of Navicular

A

Kohler’s

210
Q

Avascular necrosis of 2nd MTP

A

Freiberg’s

211
Q

Avascular necrosis of Talus

A

Diaz

212
Q

Avascular necrosis of Calcaneus

A

Sever’s

213
Q

Avascular necrosis of Tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood-Schlatter

214
Q

MOI of scaphoid fracture

A

FOOSH

215
Q

ST for scaphoid fracture

A

Watson’s

216
Q

ST for lunate dislocation

A

Murphy’s

217
Q

Stages of Kienbock’s

A

I: sclerosis
II: fragmentation
III: collapse
IV: arthritis

218
Q

Congenital shortening of the radius

A

Madelung’s

219
Q

LOM present in Madelung’s

A

1st: Wrist ext
2nd: FA supination
3: FA pronation

220
Q

Boundaries of the Bicipital Groove

A

Medial: Teres Major
Lateral: Pect Major
Roof: Transverse Humeral Ligament
Floor: Lats Dorsi

221
Q

Contracture of the palmar fascia common on the 4th and 5th digit

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

222
Q

Dupuytren stage 1

A

0-45 degrees

223
Q

Dupuytren stage 2

A

46-90 degrees

224
Q

Dupuytren stage 3

A

91-135 degrees

225
Q

Dupuytren stage 4

A

136-180 degrees

226
Q

Rupture of the lateral band of EDC

A

Mallet finger

227
Q

Rupture of the central slip of EDC

A

Boutonniere’s

228
Q

Position of finger in Boutonniere’s

A

PIP flex, DIP et MCP hyperextend

229
Q

Rupture of the FDS

A

Swan-neck deformity

230
Q

Position of finger in Swan-neck

A

DIP flex, PIP ext, MCP flex

231
Q

UCL tear of thumb

A

Gatekeeper’s thumb

232
Q

UCL + adductor pollicis tear

A

Stener’s lesion

233
Q

Avulsion of FDP tendon at insertion

A

Jersey finger

234
Q

Mechanical locking of the 3rd and 4th fingers caused by inflammation and thickening of the A1 pulley

A

Trigger finger

235
Q

What is the importance of pulley in fingers?

A

Anchor tendons to the finger bone

236
Q

number of bones in B LE

A

62

237
Q

number of bones in B UE

A

64

238
Q

4 bones of the pelvis

A

1 sacrum
1 coccyx
2 innominate

239
Q

Largest innominate bone

A

Ilium

240
Q

Orientation of Ilium

A

Anterior and Superior

241
Q

Orientation of Ischium

A

Most posterior and Inferior

242
Q

Orientation of Pubis

A

Anterior and Inferior

243
Q

Origin of the straight head of Rectus Fem

A

AIIS

244
Q

Origin of the reflected head of Rectus Fem

A

Ilium above acetabulum

245
Q

Vertebral landmark of Psoas

A

T12 to L5

246
Q

Origin of Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa

247
Q

Common origin of GMax, GMed, and GMin

A

Posterior Ilium

248
Q

Origin of Gracilis

A

Inferior ramus of Pubis, ramus of Ischium

249
Q

Origin of Adductor longus

A

Body of pubis

250
Q

Origin of Adductor Brevis

A

Inferior ramus of pubis

251
Q

Origin of Adductor Magnus

A

Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of Ischium, Ischial tuberosity

252
Q

Origin of obturator internus

A

Inner surface of obturator membrane

253
Q

Normal acetabular roof angle

A

< 30 degrees

254
Q

a vertical line drawn on a radiograph through the lateral edge of the acetabulum

A

Perkin’s line

255
Q

arc-like line drawn on a radiograph along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and the medial border of the femoral neck

A

Shenton’s line

256
Q

a horizontal line drawn through the triradiate cartilage (the junction where the three parts of the hip bone meet) of both hips on a radiograph.

A

Hilgenreiner’s line

257
Q

Components of counternutation

A

Flexion
Lumbar Curve
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Counternutation
Extension of Spine

258
Q

Provides support to the lower abdominal organs, such as the intestines.

A

Greater (False) Pelvis

259
Q

Plays a crucial role in childbirth, forming the birth canal.

A

Lesser (True) Pelvis

260
Q

Organs that the Lesser pelvis support

A

Rectum
Bladder
Internal reproductive organs

261
Q

What divides the true and false pelvis?

A

Pelvic brim

262
Q

Borders of the pelvic brim

A

Anterior: Symphysis pubis
Posterior Sacral Promontory
Lateral: Iliopectoral line

263
Q

Borders of the False Pelvis

A

Posterior: Lumbar vertebrae
Lateral: Ischial spines and inner surfaces of the Ischium
Anterior: Pubic symphysis

264
Q

Borders of the True Pelvis

A

Posterior: Sacrum and Coccyx
Lateral: Ischial spines and inner surfaces of Ischium
Anterior: Pubic symphysis

265
Q

Normal angle of pelvic tilt

A

7-15 degrees

266
Q

Normal pelvic inclination

A

50-60 degrees

267
Q

Normal sacral angle

A

30 degrees

268
Q

CPP of SI joint

A

Nutation

269
Q

Main connection of spine to LE

A

Sacroiliac joint

270
Q

Another name for hip joint

A

Coxofemoral joint
Acetabulofemoral joint

271
Q

OPP of hip joint

A

30 degrees flex, 30 degrees abd, slight ER

272
Q

CPP of hip joint

A

Ext, Add, IR

273
Q

CP of hip joint

A

IR F Ab

274
Q

Orientation of acetabulum

A

Superior
Anterior
Medial

275
Q

Orientation of glenoid

A

Superior
Anterior
Lateral

276
Q

Strongest muscle in the body

A

Masseter

277
Q

Another name for acetabulum

A

Vinegar’s cup

278
Q

Top 3 largest bones in the body

A

Femur
Tibia
Humerus

279
Q

Another name of Iliofemoral joint

A

Y ligament of Bigelow

280
Q

Movement primarily limited by Iliofemoral joint

A

Extension

281
Q

Movement primarily limited by Ischiofemoral joint

A

IR

282
Q

Movement primarily limited by Pubofemoral joint

A

Abduction

283
Q

Origin of Iliofemoral joint

A

AIIS

284
Q

Origin of Ischiofemoral joint

A

Ischium

285
Q

Origin of Pubofemoral joint

A

Pubis

286
Q

Articulation of the femur

A

Lunate surface of the acetabulum

287
Q

Center-edge angle

A

Angle of Wiberg

288
Q

Normal center-edge angle

A

> 25 degrees

289
Q

Angle of inclination

A

Neck-shaft angle

290
Q

Normal angle of inclination in children

A

150-160 degrees

291
Q

Normal angle of inclination in adults

A

120-135 degrees

292
Q

< 120 degrees of inclination angle

A

Coxa vara

293
Q

> 135 degrees of inclination angle

A

Coxa valga

294
Q

Normal angle of torsion

A

15 degrees

295
Q

> 15 degrees angle of torsion

A

Anteversion

296
Q

< 15 degrees of angle of torsion

A

Retroversion

297
Q

Longest muscle in the body

A

Sartorius

298
Q

Blood supply of the head of femur in children

A

Oburator artery

299
Q

Blood supply of the head of femur in adults

A

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex artery

300
Q

Muscles that attach to the Greater Trochanter

A

Glutes
Hamstrings
Adductors
E Rotators (except quadratus femoris)
I Rotators

301
Q

Muscle that attaches to the lesser trochanter

A

Iliopsoas

302
Q

Muscle that attaches to the quadrate tubercle

A

Quadratus Femoris

303
Q

Muscle that attaches to the Linea aspera

A

Adductor Brevis, Longus, and Magnus

304
Q

Muscle that attaches to the pectineal line

A

Pectineus

305
Q

Muscle that attaches to the gluteal tubercle

A

GMax

306
Q

Tailor’s muscle

A

Sartorius

307
Q

Pocket muscle

A

TFL

308
Q

Hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas
Sartorius
TFL
Rectus femoris

309
Q

Primary hip extensor

A

GMax

310
Q

Hip extensors

A

GMax
Hamstrings

311
Q

Hip adductors

A

Gracilis
Adductors MBL
Pectineus

312
Q

Hip E Rotators

A

Piriformis
Obturators Int/Ext
Gemelli Sup/Int
Quadratus Fem

313
Q

Hip I Rotators

A

G Med
G Min
TFL
Piriformis

314
Q

Articulations of the knee

A

Patellofemoral joint
Medial and Lateral Tibiofemoral joint

315
Q

Function of patella

A

Protects anterior portion of the knee

316
Q

Normal Q angle

A

13-18 degrees

317
Q

Facets of the knee

A

Superior
Inferior
lateral
Medial
Odd

318
Q

What facets are in contact with femur during 20 degrees of flexion?

A

Medial and Lateral facets

319
Q

What facets are in contact with the femur during > 90 degrees of flexion?

A

Odd

320
Q

What facets are in contact with the femur during > 90 degrees of extension

A

All except odd

321
Q

Miserable malalignments

A

Broad pelvis
Increased Anteversion
Genu Valgum
Patella Alta
Increased Q Angle
External Tibial Torsion
Pes Planus

322
Q

Tautest position of MCL

A

Lateral Rotation
Extension

323
Q

Ossification of the MCL

A

Pellegrini Stieda

324
Q

Tautest position of LCL

A

Knee ext

325
Q

Location of cruciate ligaments

A

Intracapsular, Extrasynovial

326
Q

In what plane does cruciates provide stability

A

Sagittal

327
Q

Orientation of ACL

A

Posterior
Superior
Lateral

328
Q

Tautest position of ACL

A

Extension
IR

329
Q

Orientation of PCL

A

Superior
Anterior
Medial

330
Q

A ligament from the semimembranosus that reinforces the posteromedial knee

A

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

331
Q

A ligament from the popliteus that reinforces the posterolateral aspect of the knee

A

Arcuate ligament

332
Q

ALRI structures

A

ACL
ITB
LM
LCL

333
Q

AMRI structues

A

ACL MCL

334
Q

PMRI structures

A

PCL
MCL

335
Q

PLRI structures

A

PCL
LCL

336
Q

Borers of the popliteal fossa

A

Sup: Hamstrings
Med: Semiten, Semimem
Lateral: Biceps fem
Inf: Medial and Lateral gastrocs

337
Q

Patellar load when walking

A

0.3 x BW

338
Q

Patellar load when Climbing stairs

A

2.5 x BW

339
Q

Patellar load when Descending stairs

A

3.5 x BW

340
Q

Patellar load when squatting

A

7 x BW

341
Q

Clinical presentations of a pt c increased Q angle

A

Wide pelvis
Femoral anteversion
Coxa Vara
Genu Valgum
Laterally displaced tibial tuberosity

342
Q

Peak activity of hamstrings during gait

A

Terminal swing

343
Q

Action of Tailor’s ms

A

Hip FABER
Knee flex and IR

344
Q

ST for Gracilis

A

Phelp’s

345
Q

Only 2 jointed adductor

A

Gracilis`

346
Q

Severe contusion of quads

A

Charley Horse

347
Q

Strongest knee extensor

A

Vastus intermedius

348
Q

Nerve root of hamstrings

A

L5 S1 S2

349
Q

Nerve root of Gracilis

A

L2 L3

350
Q

Nerve root of Gastrocs

A

S1 S2

351
Q

Nerve root of Plantaris

A

S1 S2

352
Q

Nerve root of Popliteus

A

L4 L5 S1

353
Q

Nerve root of TFL

A

L4 L5

354
Q

Pes anserine muscles

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semiten

355
Q

How much wt does Tibia bear

A

90%

356
Q

m/c site of stress fracture in runners

A

Tibia

357
Q

m/c site of non-union fracture

A

distal 1/3 of tibia

358
Q

A condition where there is inflammation of tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood- Schlatter

359
Q

Wt bearing portion of tibia

A

Tibial plafond

360
Q

Most contraindicated modality in pts c Osgood-Schlatter

A

US

361
Q

Other name for Superior TF joint

A

Forgotten joint

362
Q

What type of joint is the TF joint?

A

Plane/Gliding joint

363
Q

What type of joint is the inferior TF joint?

A

Syndesmosis

364
Q

Anterior compartment

A

TA
EDL
PT
EHL
EDB

365
Q

Nerve root of peroneus

A

L5 S1 S2

366
Q

Another name for plantaris

A

Freshman’s nn

367
Q

A condition wherein a pt has (-) muscles that start c letter P

A

Poland’s syndrome

368
Q

Deepest muscle of the calf

A

Tibialis post

369
Q

m/c joint injured in sports

A

Talocrural

370
Q

What type of joint is the TC joint?

A

Hinge

371
Q

Lateral collateral ligaments

A

ANTAFI
POTAFI
CAFI

372
Q

Medial collateral ligaments

A

ANTATI
POTATI
CATI
TINA

373
Q

MOI of ANTAFI sprain

A

PF and Inversion

374
Q

MOI of CAFI sprain

A

DF/Neutral and inversion

375
Q

ST for CAFI sprain

A

Talar tilt test

376
Q

Least commonly sprain ligament of the ankle

A

POTAFI

377
Q

Strongest ligament of the ankle deltoid ligament

A

MCL

378
Q

Normal hallux valgus angle

A

< 15 degrees

379
Q

Another name for talus

A

Astragalus

380
Q

Another name for calcaneus

A

Os Calcis

381
Q

Strongest and stoutest MTT

A

1st MTT

382
Q

Longest and thinnest MTT

A

2nd MTT

383
Q

Most stable MTT

A

2nd MTT

384
Q

Stress fracture of 2nd MTT

A

March Fx

385
Q

Avascular necrosis of 2nd MTT

A

Freiberg

386
Q

Fracture of 5th MTT base

A

Jones Fx

387
Q

Inflammation of the 5th MTT

A

Iselin disease

388
Q

Morton’s foot

A

2>1>3>4>5

389
Q

Index minus foot

A

1>2>3>4>5

390
Q

Index plus foot

A

1=2>3>4>5

391
Q

When does the plantar fascia tighten?

A

DF of MTP

392
Q

Ligament that supports the medial longitudinal arch

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament/Spring ligament

393
Q

Supporters of LLA

A

Long plantar ligament
Peroneus longus tendon

394
Q

When is posterior innominate bone longer?

A

Sitting

395
Q

When is anterior innominate longer?

A

Supine

396
Q

Inflammation of pubis and symphysis pubis

A

Osteitis Pubis

397
Q

X-Ray Appearance of Osteitis Pubis

A

White; moth-eaten appearance

398
Q

Treatment for Osteitis Pubis

A

Baclofen
Rood’s techniques

399
Q

Treatment for Osteitis Pubis

A

Baclofen
Rood’s techniques

400
Q

Avascular necrosis of femoral head in children

A

LCPD

401
Q

Another name for LCPD

A

Coxa Plana

402
Q

Another name for LCPD

A

Coxa Plana

403
Q

Stages of LCPD

A

1: Necrosis
2: Fragmentation
3: Revascularization
4: Remodel
5: Heat

404
Q

Downward slippage of femoral neck

A

SCFE

405
Q

Radiographic findings of SCFE

A

Bird beak appearance

406
Q

Radiographic findings of SCFE

A

Bird beak appearance

407
Q

Another name of Snapping Hip

A

Coxa Saltan
Runner’s hip

408
Q

Cause of internal snapping hip

A

Tight TFL/ITB

409
Q

Cause of internal snapping hip

A

Tight TFL/ITB

410
Q

Cause of external snapping hip

A

GMax overriding GT
Tight iliopsoas overriding femoral head

411
Q

Ectopic deposition of calcium in the muscle

A

Myositis Ossificans

412
Q

Severe contusion of adductors

A

Rider’s bone

413
Q

Severe contusion of adductors

A

Rider’s bone

414
Q

Blood test for Myositis Ossificans

A

Alkaline Phosphatate

415
Q

Blood test for Myositis Ossificans

A

Alkaline Phosphatate

416
Q

Medication for Myositis Ossificans

A

Dissodium Ethidronate

417
Q

Medication for Myositis Ossificans

A

Dissodium Ethidronate

418
Q

Inflammation of the tibial tubercle

A

Osgood-Schlatter

419
Q

Chipped lateral aspect of femur

A

Osteochondritis Dissecans

420
Q

When does pain reproduce in pts c Osteochondritis Dissecans?

A

Knee ext

421
Q

When does pain reproduce in pts c Osteochondritis Dissecans?

A

Knee ext

422
Q

ST for Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Wilson’s test

423
Q

ST for Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Wilson’s test

424
Q

Excessively high patella

A

Patella alta

425
Q

Low-riding patella

A

Patella Baja

426
Q

Causes of PFPS

A

Tight ITB
Weak VMO
Strong vastus lateralis
Tight lateral retinaculum

427
Q

Proper name for shin splints

A

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

428
Q

Stages of PFPS

A

1: Swelling
2: Fissuring
3: Deformed surface
4: Femoral cartilage involvement

429
Q

Hyperextension injury combined with compressive loading to the MTP jt.

A

Turf toe

430
Q

weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and widening of the forefoot

A

Splay foot

431
Q

Osteophyte formation at the dorsal aspect of Big Toe

A

Hallux Rigidus

432
Q

Gait deviation present in Hallux Rigidus

A

Apropulsive Gait

433
Q

Medial angulation of the great toe at the MTP jt.

A

Hallux Varus

434
Q

Lateral angulation of the great toe at the MTP jt.

A

Hallux Valgus

435
Q

Lateral angulation of the great toe at the MTP jt.

A

Hallux Valgus

CA 1 (3 decks)

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