Midterms Flashcards
Other names for sternum
Necktie
Dagger
Shield
Escutcheon
Function of sternum
Carina and Thymus
Parts of the Sternum
Manubrium
Body/Shaft
Xiphoid process
Vertebral landmark for Manubriosternal jt
T4-T5
Vertebral landmark for Carina
T4
Vertebral landmark for Suprasternal notch
T2
Vertebral landmark for Xiphoid process
T10
Dermatomal landmark for Xiphoid process
T7
Shape of clavicle
Long, flat, twisted, S-Shaped bone
Other names of the clavicle
Strut
Collar
Orientation of the medial 2/3 of the clavicle
Convex
Orientation of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Concave
Congenital absence of bilateral clavicle
Cleidocranial Dysostosis
When does ossification of the clavicle begin?
7th month (3rd trimester)
Shape of the scapula
Flat and triangular
Other name of scapula
Shoulder blade
Parts of the scapula
Medial border
Lateral border
Superior border
Superior angle
Inferior border
Inferior angle
Glenoid fossa
Spine of scapula
Acromion
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
Coracoid process
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle
Vertebral landmark for Superior angle of scapula
T2
Vertebral landmark for Inferior angle of scapula
T7
Vertebral landmark for Spine of Scapula
T3
Largest, longest, and heaviest bone of the UE
Humerus
Parts of the humerus
Head
Neck
Medial lip
Lateral lip
Floor
Roof
What muscle inserts into the medial lip of the humerus?
Teres Major
What muscle inserts into the lateral lip of the humerus?
Pec Major
What muscle inserts into the floor of the humerus?
Latissimus Dorsi
What ligaments insert into the roof of the humerus?
Transverse Humeral Ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament
What muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
What inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Subscapularis
Characteristics of the medial condyle relative to the lateral condyle
Wider, longer, and more distal
Contains Trochlea
Characteristics of the lateral condyle relative to the medial condyle
More anterior
Contains capitulum
Mobile WAD of 3
Brachioradialis
ECRL
ECRB
What type of a joint is the SC joint?
Saddle/Sellar
DoF of SC jt
3 DoF
OPP of SC jt
Arms at side
CPP of SC jt
90 degrees ABD
Full elevate
Protract
Requirements for full elevation
Rotation of Clavicle
Inferior glide of humeral head
Scapular stabilization
ER of Humerus
What type of joint is the AC jt?
Modified plane jt
DoF of plane jt
3 DoF
OPP of AC jt
Arms at side
Ligaments of the AC joint
Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Coracoclavicular
Weakest ligament of the AC joint
Ac ligament
Parts of the CC ligament
Trapezoid
Conoid
What type of joint is the ST jt?
Functional and Modified planar joint
Shoulder rhythm
After 30 degree elev, there is 2:1 ratio between GH:ST
DDx for reverse shoulder rhythm
AdCap
RA
Scoliosis
What type of joint is the GH joint?
Ball-and-socket
OPP of GH joint
55 abduct
30 Horizontal Add
CPP of GH joint
Abduction
ER
Weak spot in between the superior and middle ligaments of GH joint that leads to anterior shoulder dislocation
Foramen of Weitbrecht
Weak spot in between the middle and inferior ligaments of GH joint that leads to inferior shoulder dislocation
Foramen of Rouviere
Ligaments of the GH joint
GH (Superior, Middle, Inferior)
Coracohumeral ligamentr
Actions of the subclavius
Stabilizes clavicular rotaiton
Innervation of subclavius
Nerve to subclavius
Innervation of the Pectoralis Major
Medial and Lateral pectoral nn
Fibers of the Pecs Major responsible for flexion
Clavicular head
Fibers of the Pecs Major responsible for extension
Sternocostal Head
Action of Pec Minor
Depresses scapula
Assists Pec Major
1st muscle to be innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis
Strongest Rotator Cuff Muscle
Supraspinatus
Action of Supraspinatus
Initiates first 90 degrees of abduction
Innervation of Supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Chief ER muscle
Infraspinatus
Innervation of Infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Special test for Infraspinatus
Horn blower’s
Patte’s sign
Action of Teres Minor
ER
Innervation of Teres Minor
Axillary nn
Chief IR muscle
Subscapularis
Innervation of Subscapularis
Upper and Lower subscapular nerves
Insertion of the subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Stabilizing muscles of the trunk
Serratus Ant
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboids
Lats Dorsi
Action of SA
Protraction/Scaption
What type of winging is there when there is affectation of the LTN?
Medial winging (Open book)
What surgery may lead to medial winging?
Radical Mastectomy
What type of winging is present when there is affectation of the CN XI
Lateral Winging (Sliding door)
What surgery may lead to Lateral winging?
Radial Neck Dissection
What type of winging is present when there is affectation of the rhomboids?
Posterior/Dorsal Scapular Tipping
What type of winging is present when there is affectation of the levator scapulae?
Posterior Scapular Winging
What postural problem may lead to dorsal scapular nerve impingement?
Pecs Minor tightness
Broadest muscle
Lats Dorsi
Crutch walking ms
Lats Dorsi
OKC action of Lats Dorsi
Extension
Adduction
IR
CKC action of Lats
Posterior Pelvic Rotation
Action of Teres Major
Extension
Adduction
IR
Innervation of the Teres Major
Lower subscapular nerve
Action of anterior fibers of deltoids
Shoulder flex
Horizontal Add
IR
Action of middle fibers of deltoids
Shoulder abduction
Action of posterior fiber of deltoids
ER
Horizontal Abduction
Innervation of deltoids
Axillary nn
Nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve
C5-C7
Nerve roots of the axillary nerve
C5-C6
Nerve roots of the median nerve
C5-T1
Nerve roots of the ulnar nerve
C8-T1
Nerve roots of the radial nerve
C5-C8
Components of the Cubital Fossa from lateral to medial
Brachioradialis
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Pronator Teres
Normal carrying angle for males
5-10 degrees
Normal carrying angle for females
10-15 degrees
What type of joint is the HU joint?
Modified Hinge/Modified Ginglymus joint
Articulation of the HU joint
Trochlea and Trochlear notch
Ligaments of the HU joint
MCL
Fibers of the MCL of the elbow
Anterior
Transverse
Posterior
What type of joint is the Humeroradial joint?
Modified Hinge/Ginglymus Joint
Ligament of the HR joint
LCL
Fibers of the HR joint
Lateral Radial
Lateral Ulnar
What type of joint is the PRU jt?
Pivot
Articulation of the PRU joint
Radial head and radial notch
Ligaments of the PRU joint
Annular
Oblique cord
Quadrate ligament
Shape of radial head
Convex
Shape of the radial notch
Concave
Chief forearm supinator muscle
Biceps brachii
Strongest elbow flexor
Biceps brachii
How to isolate biceps?
Shoulder and elbow flex c forearm supination
Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii
coracoid process
Origin of the long head of the biceps brachii
supraglenoid tubercle
Position of the elbow when its 4x stronger
Elbow flexed at 90 degrees c supination
Position of the elbow wherein its 2x stronger
Elbow extended c supination
Weakest position of the biceps brachii
Full flexion c supination
Another name for Brachialis
Elbow flexor par excellence
Muscle that is present in all elbow joint positions
Brachialis
Supinator longus
Brachioradialis
Largest 2 jointed ms
Triceps brachii
Which head of the Triceps is the strongest ?
Lateral head
Origin of the long head of triceps
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Origin of the lateral head of the triceps
Upper half of the posterior surface of the humerus
Origin of the medial head of the triceps
Lower half of the posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion of triceps
Olecranon process
This muscle supports, assist, and maintains stability of elbow extension
Anconeus
Pronator that is active in all positions or speed
Pronator Teres
Pronator that is active in extension and slow pronation
Pronator Quadratus
When is radiocarpal joint active?
First 50 degrees of wrist flexion
When is the midcarpal joint active?
The remaining 35 degrees of wrist flexion after radiocarpal joint activation
Origin of extrinsic muscles
Forearm/Humerus
Origin of intrinsic muscles
Wrist and hand
Carpal bones from lateral to medial
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Most commonly fractured carpal bone
Scaphoid
Navicular of the hand
Scaphoid
Floor of anatomical snuffbox
Scaphoid
Avascular necrosis of the Scaphoid
Preisser’s disease
Most commonly dislocated carpal bone
Lunate
Boundaries of the scaphoid
Lateral: APL, EPB
Medial: EPol
Bed of Pisiform
Triquetrum
Smallest carpal bone
Pisiform
What type of bone is the Pisiform?
Sesamoid bone
Another name for trapezium
Greater multangular
Lesser multangular
Trapezoid
Largest carpal bone
Capitate
Another name for capitate
Os Magnum
1st carpal bone to ossify
Capitate
Another name for Hamate
Unciform
Order of ossification of carpal bones
Capitate
Hamate
Triquetrum
Lunate
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Pisiform
How many months/years does it take for capitate to ossify?
6 mos
How many months/years does it take for Hamate to ossify?
7 mos
How many months/years does it take for Triquetrum to ossify
3 y/o
How many months/years does it take for Lunate to ossify
5 y/o
How many months/years does it take for Trapezium and Trapezoid to ossify?
6 y/o
How many months/years does it take for Pisiform to ossify?
12 y/o
What type of joint is the CMC joint?
Saddle
Articulation of the 1st CMC
Trapezium and 1st MTT
Flexor zones
1: insertion of FDP
2: insertion of FDS
3: neck of metacarpals
4: carpal tunnel
5: area proximal to wrist
Zone of no man’s island
Zone 2
Components of the carpal tunnel
4 FDP
4 FDS
1 median nn
1 FPL
Extensor Tunnel
1: APL EPB
2: ECRL ECRB
3: EPL
4: ED EI
5: EDM
6: ECU
Extensor tunnel affected during DQT
1
Extensor zones
1: DIP
2: Mid phalanx
3: PIP
4: Prox phalanx
5: MCP
6: Metacarpals
7: Carpals
most common type of dislocation
Anterior
m/c MOI on shoulder dislocations
Trauma
Overuse
Congenital abnormalities
m/c direction of dislocation of elbow
Posterior
m/c direction of dislocation of Lunate
Anterior
m/c direction of dislocation of Hip
Posterior
m/c direction of dislocation of Knee
Anterior
m/c direction of dislocation of Patella
Lateral
m/c direction of dislocation of Ankle
Posterior
Common S/SX of dislocation
Pain
Deformity
Swelling
LOM
Radiating numbness
Anteroinferior labral tearing resulting in pulling away of the labrum
Bankart lesion
Avulsion of the greater tuberosity that leads to posterolateral tear in the GH joint
Hill-Sachs lesion
A lesion in the shoulder that has posterior labral tearing and has possibly an axillary nn damage
Bennett’s lesion
An injury affecting the Biceps tendon that is caused by overuse activities leading to decreased overhead activities
SLAP lesion
Best position for shoulder dislocations
D2 ext
Contraindicated position for shoulder dislocations
D2 flex
Another name for Ad Cap
Frozen shoulder
Diabetes Periarthritis
Most painful stage of Ad Cap
Freezing
Stage of Ad Cap where there is most LOM
Frozen
Stage of ad cap where there us no infalmmation, no pain but, has pain upon movement
Thawing
Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is AC sprain but intact CC
I
Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein AC is torn and there is CC sprain
II
Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein both AC and CC are torn and CC is widened by 25-100%
III
Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is presence of symptoms in classification III + clavicle id displaced posteriorly
IV
Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is presence of symptoms in III + CC space widens to 100%; Trapezius and deltoids are detached
V
Rockwood classification of AC jt injury wherein there is symptoms of III and clavicle is displaced inferiorly
VI
most common cause of shoulder pain
Subacromial bursitis
2nd most common cause of shoulder pain
Bicipital tendinitis
Special tests for bicipital tendinitis
Speed’s
Yergason
Other name for CPRS 2 CVA
Shoulder hand syndrome
Stages of CRPS
I - acute
II - dystrophic
III - atrophic
IV - psychological
An injury caused by impingement of the subclavian artery and brachial plexus
TOS
Sites of impingement in TOS
Cervical rib (Rib at C7)
Between clavicle and first rib
Superior thoracic outlet
Scalene triangle (between anterior and middle scalene)
Borders of the triangles of the neck
Anterior: medial neck line
Posterior: trapezius
Medial: Medial 1/3 of clavicle
Superior: Mandible
Triangles divided by the inferior omohyoid
Occipital triangle and Suprascapular triangle
Anterior triangles
Digastric/Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular
Muscles affected in Lateral Epicondylitis
Mobile WAD of 3 + ED
Muscles affected in Medial epicondyle
Pronator teres (m/c)
FCR
An injury wherein the radial head is dislocated from the annular ligament
Nursemaid’s elbow
Acute Olecranon Bursitis
Student’s elbow
Chronic Olecranon Bursitis
Miner’s/Draftman’s elbow
Another name for Anterior Forearm Compartment Syndrome
Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture
What motion is spared in Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture?
Extension
MOI of Boxer’s elbow
Hyperextension of elbow and overload syndrome
Another name for Boxer’s elbow
Thrower’s elbow
Osteochondrosis/Osteochondritis/Necrosis of the Capitulum
Panner’s disease
Avascular necrosis of Lunate
Kienbock’s
Avascular necrosis of Avascular necrosis of Distal Lunate
Burns
Avascular necrosis of Spine and vertebral endplates
Scheuermann’s
Avascular necrosis of Vertebral body
Calves
Avascular necrosis of Femoral head in children
LCPD
Avascular necrosis of Femoral head in adult
Chandler
Avascular necrosis of Navicular
Kohler’s
Avascular necrosis of 2nd MTP
Freiberg’s
Avascular necrosis of Talus
Diaz
Avascular necrosis of Calcaneus
Sever’s
Avascular necrosis of Tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter
MOI of scaphoid fracture
FOOSH
ST for scaphoid fracture
Watson’s
ST for lunate dislocation
Murphy’s
Stages of Kienbock’s
I: sclerosis
II: fragmentation
III: collapse
IV: arthritis
Congenital shortening of the radius
Madelung’s
LOM present in Madelung’s
1st: Wrist ext
2nd: FA supination
3: FA pronation
Boundaries of the Bicipital Groove
Medial: Teres Major
Lateral: Pect Major
Roof: Transverse Humeral Ligament
Floor: Lats Dorsi
Contracture of the palmar fascia common on the 4th and 5th digit
Dupuytren’s contracture
Dupuytren stage 1
0-45 degrees
Dupuytren stage 2
46-90 degrees
Dupuytren stage 3
91-135 degrees
Dupuytren stage 4
136-180 degrees
Rupture of the lateral band of EDC
Mallet finger
Rupture of the central slip of EDC
Boutonniere’s
Position of finger in Boutonniere’s
PIP flex, DIP et MCP hyperextend
Rupture of the FDS
Swan-neck deformity
Position of finger in Swan-neck
DIP flex, PIP ext, MCP flex
UCL tear of thumb
Gatekeeper’s thumb
UCL + adductor pollicis tear
Stener’s lesion
Avulsion of FDP tendon at insertion
Jersey finger
Mechanical locking of the 3rd and 4th fingers caused by inflammation and thickening of the A1 pulley
Trigger finger
What is the importance of pulley in fingers?
Anchor tendons to the finger bone
number of bones in B LE
62
number of bones in B UE
64
4 bones of the pelvis
1 sacrum
1 coccyx
2 innominate
Largest innominate bone
Ilium
Orientation of Ilium
Anterior and Superior
Orientation of Ischium
Most posterior and Inferior
Orientation of Pubis
Anterior and Inferior
Origin of the straight head of Rectus Fem
AIIS
Origin of the reflected head of Rectus Fem
Ilium above acetabulum
Vertebral landmark of Psoas
T12 to L5
Origin of Iliacus
Iliac fossa
Common origin of GMax, GMed, and GMin
Posterior Ilium
Origin of Gracilis
Inferior ramus of Pubis, ramus of Ischium
Origin of Adductor longus
Body of pubis
Origin of Adductor Brevis
Inferior ramus of pubis
Origin of Adductor Magnus
Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of Ischium, Ischial tuberosity
Origin of obturator internus
Inner surface of obturator membrane
Normal acetabular roof angle
< 30 degrees
a vertical line drawn on a radiograph through the lateral edge of the acetabulum
Perkin’s line
arc-like line drawn on a radiograph along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and the medial border of the femoral neck
Shenton’s line
a horizontal line drawn through the triradiate cartilage (the junction where the three parts of the hip bone meet) of both hips on a radiograph.
Hilgenreiner’s line
Components of counternutation
Flexion
Lumbar Curve
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Counternutation
Extension of Spine
Provides support to the lower abdominal organs, such as the intestines.
Greater (False) Pelvis
Plays a crucial role in childbirth, forming the birth canal.
Lesser (True) Pelvis
Organs that the Lesser pelvis support
Rectum
Bladder
Internal reproductive organs
What divides the true and false pelvis?
Pelvic brim
Borders of the pelvic brim
Anterior: Symphysis pubis
Posterior Sacral Promontory
Lateral: Iliopectoral line
Borders of the False Pelvis
Posterior: Lumbar vertebrae
Lateral: Ischial spines and inner surfaces of the Ischium
Anterior: Pubic symphysis
Borders of the True Pelvis
Posterior: Sacrum and Coccyx
Lateral: Ischial spines and inner surfaces of Ischium
Anterior: Pubic symphysis
Normal angle of pelvic tilt
7-15 degrees
Normal pelvic inclination
50-60 degrees
Normal sacral angle
30 degrees
CPP of SI joint
Nutation
Main connection of spine to LE
Sacroiliac joint
Another name for hip joint
Coxofemoral joint
Acetabulofemoral joint
OPP of hip joint
30 degrees flex, 30 degrees abd, slight ER
CPP of hip joint
Ext, Add, IR
CP of hip joint
IR F Ab
Orientation of acetabulum
Superior
Anterior
Medial
Orientation of glenoid
Superior
Anterior
Lateral
Strongest muscle in the body
Masseter
Another name for acetabulum
Vinegar’s cup
Top 3 largest bones in the body
Femur
Tibia
Humerus
Another name of Iliofemoral joint
Y ligament of Bigelow
Movement primarily limited by Iliofemoral joint
Extension
Movement primarily limited by Ischiofemoral joint
IR
Movement primarily limited by Pubofemoral joint
Abduction
Origin of Iliofemoral joint
AIIS
Origin of Ischiofemoral joint
Ischium
Origin of Pubofemoral joint
Pubis
Articulation of the femur
Lunate surface of the acetabulum
Center-edge angle
Angle of Wiberg
Normal center-edge angle
> 25 degrees
Angle of inclination
Neck-shaft angle
Normal angle of inclination in children
150-160 degrees
Normal angle of inclination in adults
120-135 degrees
< 120 degrees of inclination angle
Coxa vara
> 135 degrees of inclination angle
Coxa valga
Normal angle of torsion
15 degrees
> 15 degrees angle of torsion
Anteversion
< 15 degrees of angle of torsion
Retroversion
Longest muscle in the body
Sartorius
Blood supply of the head of femur in children
Oburator artery
Blood supply of the head of femur in adults
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex artery
Muscles that attach to the Greater Trochanter
Glutes
Hamstrings
Adductors
E Rotators (except quadratus femoris)
I Rotators
Muscle that attaches to the lesser trochanter
Iliopsoas
Muscle that attaches to the quadrate tubercle
Quadratus Femoris
Muscle that attaches to the Linea aspera
Adductor Brevis, Longus, and Magnus
Muscle that attaches to the pectineal line
Pectineus
Muscle that attaches to the gluteal tubercle
GMax
Tailor’s muscle
Sartorius
Pocket muscle
TFL
Hip flexors
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
TFL
Rectus femoris
Primary hip extensor
GMax
Hip extensors
GMax
Hamstrings
Hip adductors
Gracilis
Adductors MBL
Pectineus
Hip E Rotators
Piriformis
Obturators Int/Ext
Gemelli Sup/Int
Quadratus Fem
Hip I Rotators
G Med
G Min
TFL
Piriformis
Articulations of the knee
Patellofemoral joint
Medial and Lateral Tibiofemoral joint
Function of patella
Protects anterior portion of the knee
Normal Q angle
13-18 degrees
Facets of the knee
Superior
Inferior
lateral
Medial
Odd
What facets are in contact with femur during 20 degrees of flexion?
Medial and Lateral facets
What facets are in contact with the femur during > 90 degrees of flexion?
Odd
What facets are in contact with the femur during > 90 degrees of extension
All except odd
Miserable malalignments
Broad pelvis
Increased Anteversion
Genu Valgum
Patella Alta
Increased Q Angle
External Tibial Torsion
Pes Planus
Tautest position of MCL
Lateral Rotation
Extension
Ossification of the MCL
Pellegrini Stieda
Tautest position of LCL
Knee ext
Location of cruciate ligaments
Intracapsular, Extrasynovial
In what plane does cruciates provide stability
Sagittal
Orientation of ACL
Posterior
Superior
Lateral
Tautest position of ACL
Extension
IR
Orientation of PCL
Superior
Anterior
Medial
A ligament from the semimembranosus that reinforces the posteromedial knee
Oblique Popliteal Ligament
A ligament from the popliteus that reinforces the posterolateral aspect of the knee
Arcuate ligament
ALRI structures
ACL
ITB
LM
LCL
AMRI structues
ACL MCL
PMRI structures
PCL
MCL
PLRI structures
PCL
LCL
Borers of the popliteal fossa
Sup: Hamstrings
Med: Semiten, Semimem
Lateral: Biceps fem
Inf: Medial and Lateral gastrocs
Patellar load when walking
0.3 x BW
Patellar load when Climbing stairs
2.5 x BW
Patellar load when Descending stairs
3.5 x BW
Patellar load when squatting
7 x BW
Clinical presentations of a pt c increased Q angle
Wide pelvis
Femoral anteversion
Coxa Vara
Genu Valgum
Laterally displaced tibial tuberosity
Peak activity of hamstrings during gait
Terminal swing
Action of Tailor’s ms
Hip FABER
Knee flex and IR
ST for Gracilis
Phelp’s
Only 2 jointed adductor
Gracilis`
Severe contusion of quads
Charley Horse
Strongest knee extensor
Vastus intermedius
Nerve root of hamstrings
L5 S1 S2
Nerve root of Gracilis
L2 L3
Nerve root of Gastrocs
S1 S2
Nerve root of Plantaris
S1 S2
Nerve root of Popliteus
L4 L5 S1
Nerve root of TFL
L4 L5
Pes anserine muscles
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semiten
How much wt does Tibia bear
90%
m/c site of stress fracture in runners
Tibia
m/c site of non-union fracture
distal 1/3 of tibia
A condition where there is inflammation of tibial tuberosity
Osgood- Schlatter
Wt bearing portion of tibia
Tibial plafond
Most contraindicated modality in pts c Osgood-Schlatter
US
Other name for Superior TF joint
Forgotten joint
What type of joint is the TF joint?
Plane/Gliding joint
What type of joint is the inferior TF joint?
Syndesmosis
Anterior compartment
TA
EDL
PT
EHL
EDB
Nerve root of peroneus
L5 S1 S2
Another name for plantaris
Freshman’s nn
A condition wherein a pt has (-) muscles that start c letter P
Poland’s syndrome
Deepest muscle of the calf
Tibialis post
m/c joint injured in sports
Talocrural
What type of joint is the TC joint?
Hinge
Lateral collateral ligaments
ANTAFI
POTAFI
CAFI
Medial collateral ligaments
ANTATI
POTATI
CATI
TINA
MOI of ANTAFI sprain
PF and Inversion
MOI of CAFI sprain
DF/Neutral and inversion
ST for CAFI sprain
Talar tilt test
Least commonly sprain ligament of the ankle
POTAFI
Strongest ligament of the ankle deltoid ligament
MCL
Normal hallux valgus angle
< 15 degrees
Another name for talus
Astragalus
Another name for calcaneus
Os Calcis
Strongest and stoutest MTT
1st MTT
Longest and thinnest MTT
2nd MTT
Most stable MTT
2nd MTT
Stress fracture of 2nd MTT
March Fx
Avascular necrosis of 2nd MTT
Freiberg
Fracture of 5th MTT base
Jones Fx
Inflammation of the 5th MTT
Iselin disease
Morton’s foot
2>1>3>4>5
Index minus foot
1>2>3>4>5
Index plus foot
1=2>3>4>5
When does the plantar fascia tighten?
DF of MTP
Ligament that supports the medial longitudinal arch
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament/Spring ligament
Supporters of LLA
Long plantar ligament
Peroneus longus tendon
When is posterior innominate bone longer?
Sitting
When is anterior innominate longer?
Supine
Inflammation of pubis and symphysis pubis
Osteitis Pubis
X-Ray Appearance of Osteitis Pubis
White; moth-eaten appearance
Treatment for Osteitis Pubis
Baclofen
Rood’s techniques
Treatment for Osteitis Pubis
Baclofen
Rood’s techniques
Avascular necrosis of femoral head in children
LCPD
Another name for LCPD
Coxa Plana
Another name for LCPD
Coxa Plana
Stages of LCPD
1: Necrosis
2: Fragmentation
3: Revascularization
4: Remodel
5: Heat
Downward slippage of femoral neck
SCFE
Radiographic findings of SCFE
Bird beak appearance
Radiographic findings of SCFE
Bird beak appearance
Another name of Snapping Hip
Coxa Saltan
Runner’s hip
Cause of internal snapping hip
Tight TFL/ITB
Cause of internal snapping hip
Tight TFL/ITB
Cause of external snapping hip
GMax overriding GT
Tight iliopsoas overriding femoral head
Ectopic deposition of calcium in the muscle
Myositis Ossificans
Severe contusion of adductors
Rider’s bone
Severe contusion of adductors
Rider’s bone
Blood test for Myositis Ossificans
Alkaline Phosphatate
Blood test for Myositis Ossificans
Alkaline Phosphatate
Medication for Myositis Ossificans
Dissodium Ethidronate
Medication for Myositis Ossificans
Dissodium Ethidronate
Inflammation of the tibial tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter
Chipped lateral aspect of femur
Osteochondritis Dissecans
When does pain reproduce in pts c Osteochondritis Dissecans?
Knee ext
When does pain reproduce in pts c Osteochondritis Dissecans?
Knee ext
ST for Osteochondritis Dissecans
Wilson’s test
ST for Osteochondritis Dissecans
Wilson’s test
Excessively high patella
Patella alta
Low-riding patella
Patella Baja
Causes of PFPS
Tight ITB
Weak VMO
Strong vastus lateralis
Tight lateral retinaculum
Proper name for shin splints
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Stages of PFPS
1: Swelling
2: Fissuring
3: Deformed surface
4: Femoral cartilage involvement
Hyperextension injury combined with compressive loading to the MTP jt.
Turf toe
weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and widening of the forefoot
Splay foot
Osteophyte formation at the dorsal aspect of Big Toe
Hallux Rigidus
Gait deviation present in Hallux Rigidus
Apropulsive Gait
Medial angulation of the great toe at the MTP jt.
Hallux Varus
Lateral angulation of the great toe at the MTP jt.
Hallux Valgus
Lateral angulation of the great toe at the MTP jt.
Hallux Valgus
