MIDTERMS Flashcards
Most glomerular disorders are caused by:
A. Sudden drops in blood pressure
B. Immunologic disorders
C. Exposure to toxic substances
D. Bacterial infections
B. Immunologic disorders
. Dysmorphic RBC casts would be a significant finding
with all of the following except:
A. Goodpasture syndrome
B. AGN
C. Chronic pyelonephritis
D. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
C. Chronic pyelonephritis
Occasional episodes of macroscopic hematuria over periods of 20 or more years are seen in patients with:
A. Crescentic glomerulonephritis
B. IgA nephropathy
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. GPA
B. IgA nephropathy
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody is seen
with:
A. GPA
B. IgA nephropathy
C. Goodpasture syndrome
D. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Goodpasture syndrome
ANCA is diagnostic for:
A. IgA nephropathy
B. GPA
C. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
D. Goodpasture syndrome
B. GPA
Respiratory and renal symptoms are associated with all
of the following except:
A. IgA nephropathy
B. GPA
C. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
D. Goodpasture syndrome
A. IgA nephropathy
The presence of fatty casts is associated with all of the
following except:
A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. FSGS
C. Nephrogenic DI
D. MCD
C. Nephrogenic DI
The highest levels of proteinuria are seen with:
A. Alport syndrome
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. IgA nephropathy
D. NS
D. NS
Ischemia frequently produces:
A. Acute renal tubular necrosis
B. MCD
C. Renal glycosuria
D. Goodpasture syndrome
A. Acute renal tubular necrosis
A disorder associated with polyuria and low specific
gravity is:
A. Renal glucosuria
B. MCD
C. Nephrogenic DI
D. FSGS
C. Nephrogenic DI
An inherited disorder producing a generalized defect in
tubular reabsorption is:
A. Alport syndrome
B. AIN
C. Fanconi syndrome
D. Renal glycosuria
C. Fanconi syndrome
A teenage boy who develops gout in his big toe and has
a high serum uric acid should be monitored for:
A. Fanconi syndrome
B. Renal calculi
C. Uromodulin-associated kidney disease
D. Chronic interstitial nephritis
C. Uromodulin-associated kidney disease
The only protein produced by the kidney is:
A. Albumin
B. Uromodulin
C. Uroprotein
D. Globulin
B. Uromodulin
The presence of RTE cells and casts is an indication of:
A. AIN
B. CGN
C. MCD
D. ATN
D. ATN
Differentiation between cystitis and pyelonephritis is
aided by the presence of:
A. WBC casts
B. RBC casts
C. Bacteria
D. Granular casts
A. WBC casts
The presence of WBCs and WBC casts with no bacteria
is indicative of:
A. Chronic pyelonephritis
B. ATN
C. AIN
D. Both B and C
C. AIN
ESRD is characterized by all of the following except:
A. Hypersthenuria
B. Isosthenuria
C. Azotemia
D. Electrolyte imbalance
A. Hypersthenuria
Prerenal acute renal failure could be caused by:
A. Massive hemorrhage
B. ATN
C. AIN
D. Malignant tumors
A. Massive hemorrhage
The most common component of renal calculi is:
A. Calcium oxalate
B. Magnesium ammonium phosphate
C. Cystine
D. Uric acid
A. Calcium oxalate
Urinalysis on a patient with severe back pain being
evaluated for renal calculi would be most beneficial if it
showed:
A. Heavy proteinuria
B. Low specific gravity
C. Uric acid crystals
D. Microscopic hematuria
D. Microscopic hematuria
Abnormal urine screening tests categorized as an overflow
disorder include all of the following except:
A. Alkaptonuria
B. Galactosemia
C. Melanuria
D. Cystinuria
C. Melanuria
All states require newborn screening for PKU for early:
A. Modifications of the diet
B. Administration of antibiotics
C. Detection of diabetes
D. Initiation of gene therapy
A. Modifications of the diet
All of the following disorders can be detected by newborn
screening except:
A. Tyrosyluria
B. MSUD
C. Melanuria
D. Galactosemia
C. Melanuria
The best specimen for early newborn screening is a:
A. Timed urine specimen
B. Blood specimen
C. First morning urine specimen
D. Fecal specimen
B. Blood specimen
Which of the following disorders is not associated with
the phenylalanine–tyrosine pathway?
A. MSUD
B. Alkaptonuria
C. Albinism
D. Tyrosinemia
A. MSUD
The least serious form of tyrosylemia is:
A. Immature liver function
B. Type 1
C. Type 2
D. Type 3
A. Immature liver function
An overflow disorder of the phenylalanine–tyrosine
pathway that would produce a positive reaction with the
reagent strip test for ketones is:
A. Alkaptonuria
B. Melanuria
C. MSUD
D. Tyrosyluria
C. MSUD
An overflow disorder that could produce a false-positive
reaction with the Clinitest procedure is:
A. Cystinuria
B. Alkaptonuria
C. Indicanuria
D. Porphyrinuria
B. Alkaptonuria
A urine that turns black after sitting by the sink for
several hours could be indicative of:
A. Alkaptonuria
B. MSUD
C. Melanuria
D. Both A and C
D. Both A and C
Ketonuria in a newborn is an indication of:
A. MSUD
B. Isovaleric acidemia
C. Methylmalonic acidemia
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Urine from a newborn with MSUD will have a
significant:
A. Pale color
B. Yellow precipitate
C. Milky appearance
D. Sweet odor
D. Sweet odor
Hartnup disease is a disorder associated with the
metabolism of:
A. Organic acids
B. Tryptophan
C. Cystine
D. Phenylalanine
B. Tryptophan
5-HIAA is a degradation product of:
A. Heme
B. Indole
C. Serotonin
D. Melanin
C. Serotonin
Elevated urinary levels of 5-HIAA are associated with:
A. Carcinoid tumors
B. Hartnup disease
C. Cystinuria
D. Platelet disorders
A. Carcinoid tumors
False-positive levels of 5-HIAA can be caused by a diet
high in:
A. Meat
B. Carbohydrates
C. Starch
D. Bananas
D. Bananas
IDENTIFY IF IT IS CYSTINURIA OR CYSTINOSIS
IEM
Cystinosis
IDENTIFY IF IT IS CYSTINURIA OR CYSTINOSIS
Inherited disorder of tubular reabsorption
Cystinuria
IDENTIFY IF IT IS CYSTINURIA OR CYSTINOSIS
Fanconi syndrome
Cystinosis
IDENTIFY IF IT IS CYSTINURIA OR CYSTINOSIS
Early renal calculi formation
Cystinuria
IDENTIFY IF IT IS CYSTINURIA OR CYSTINOSIS
Cystine deposits in the cornea
Cystinosis
Blue diaper syndrome is associated with:
A. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Cystinuria
D. Hartnup disease
D. Hartnup disease
Homocystinuria is caused by failure to metabolize:
A. Lysine
B. Methionine
C. Arginine
D. Cystine
B. Methionine
The Ehrlich reaction will detect only the presence of:
A. Uroporphyrin
B. Porphobilinogen
C. Coproporphyrin
D. Protoporphyrin
B. Porphobilinogen
Acetyl acetone is added to the urine before performing
the Ehrlich test when checking for:
A. Aminolevulinic acid
B. Porphobilinogen
C. Uroporphyrin
D. Coproporphyrin
B. Porphobilinogen
The classic urine color associated with porphyria is:
A. Dark yellow
B. Indigo blue
C. Pink
D. Port wine
D. Port wine
Which of the following specimens can be used for
porphyrin testing?
A. Urine
B. Blood
C. Feces
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The two stages of heme formation affected by lead
poisoning are:
A. Porphobilinogen and uroporphyrin
B. Aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen
C. Coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin
D. Aminolevulinic acid and protoporphyrin
D. Aminolevulinic acid and protoporphyrin
Hurler, Hunter, and Sanfilippo syndromes are hereditary
disorders affecting the metabolism of:
A. Porphyrins
B. Purines
C. Mucopolysaccharides
D. Tryptophan
C. Mucopolysaccharides
Many uric acid crystals in a pediatric urine specimen
may indicate:
A. Hurler syndrome
B. Lesch-Nyhan disease
C. Melituria
D. Sanfilippo syndrome
B. Lesch-Nyhan disease